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Translingual
edit| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
edit匙 (Kangxi radical 21, 匕+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人心 (AOP), four-corner 61801, composition ⿺是匕)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2590
- Dae Jaweon: page 344, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 263, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5319
Chinese
edit| trad. | 匙 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 匙 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 匙 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鞮 | *teː |
| 隄 | *teː, *deː |
| 堤 | *teː, *teːʔ, *dje |
| 鍉 | *teː |
| 蝭 | *teːs, *deː |
| 醍 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
| 緹 | *tʰeːʔ, *deː |
| 提 | *deː, *dje |
| 瑅 | *deː |
| 題 | *deː, *deːs |
| 媞 | *deː, *deːʔ, *djeʔ |
| 褆 | *deː, *deʔ, *djeʔ |
| 禔 | *deː, *tje, *dje |
| 騠 | *deː |
| 趧 | *deː |
| 鯷 | *deː, *deːs, *djes |
| 踶 | *deːs, *deʔ |
| 徥 | *deʔ, *djeʔ |
| 匙 | *dje |
| 是 | *djeʔ |
| 諟 | *djeʔ |
| 翨 | *hljes, *kles |
| 睼 | *tʰeːns |
| 寔 | *djɯɡ |
| 湜 | *dɯɡ |
| 遈 | *djɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”).
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): siè
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih2
- Yale: chŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ci4
- Yale: chìh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi4
- Guangdong Romanization: qi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si3
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀ / sṳ̀
- Hakka Romanization System: ciiˇ / siiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci2 / si2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/, /sɨ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siè
- Sinological IPA (key): /sie⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzye
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*dje/
Definitions
edit匙
- spoon
- 1993, 梁淑芳 [Sophie S. F. Leung], 何巧嬋 [Ada Ho How Sim], 《兒童的生長與營養》 [Children's Nutrition and Growth], 香港 [Hong Kong]: 中文大學出版社 [Chinese University Press], →ISBN, page 58:
- 況且，吃時所用的飲管和匙也未經嚴格消毒，嬰兒用後可能會引致細菌感染和腸胃炎等危險。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- fong3 ce2, hek3 si4 so2 jung6 dik1 jam2 gun2 wo4 ci4 jaa5 mei6 ging1 jim4 gaak3 siu1 duk6, jing1 ji4 jung6 hau6 ho2 nang4 wui5 jan5 zi3 sai3 kwan2 gam2 jim5 wo4 coeng4 wai6 jim4 dang2 ngai4 him2. [Jyutping]
- Moreover, straws and spoons used when eating have also not been disinfected rigorously; after use, babies may be in danger of bacterial infection, gastroenteritis, etc.
况且，吃时所用的饮管和匙也未经严格消毒，婴儿用后可能会引致细菌感染和肠胃炎等危险。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
Synonyms
editCompounds
editSee also
editPronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): siè
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄕ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shi̊h
- Wade–Giles: shih5
- Yale: shr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .shy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih2
- Yale: chŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
- Wade–Giles: shih2
- Yale: shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si4
- Yale: sìh
- Cantonese Pinyin: si4
- Guangdong Romanization: xi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si3
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́ / sṳ̀
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˋ / siiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si3 / si2
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/, /sɨ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siè
- Sinological IPA (key): /sie⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzye
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*dje/
Definitions
edit匙
Synonyms
editCompounds
editJapanese
editKanji
edit匙
Readings
edit- Go-on: じ (ji)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kan’yō-on: ひ (hi)
- Kun: かい (kai, 匙)、さじ (saji, 匙)、しゃじ (shaji, 匙)、すくい (sukui, 匙)
Etymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| じ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The goon, so likely the earliest borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
editUsage notes
editOnly found in compounds.
Derived terms
editDerived terms
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| し Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 匙 (ci4), Min Nan 匙 (sî).
Pronunciation
editSuffix
editUsage notes
editOnly found in compounds.
Derived terms
editDerived terms
Etymology 3
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| ひ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 匕 |
Likely an alteration of the kan'on reading shi: /si/ → /hi/
Pronunciation
editAffix
editUsage notes
editOnly found in compounds.
Derived terms
editDerived terms
Etymology 4
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| かい Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 匕 |
/kapi1/ → /kapi/ → /kaɸi/ → /kahi/ → /kai/
From Old Japanese 貝 (kai, “shellfish, clam; clam shell”), from the way that clam shells were used as scoops.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
editDerived terms
Etymology 5
edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| さじ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 匕 |
Originally a compound of 茶 (sa, “tea”, the tōon or Tang reading) + 匙 (ji, “spoon, scoop”).[1][2][3] This on'yomi reading for a two-character term was then applied to the single-character 匙 spelling, and re-interpreted as kun'yomi.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- spoon, scoop used for food
- 私たちは匙でスープを飲む。
- Watashitachi wa saji de sūpu o nomu.
- We eat soup with a spoon.
- 私たちは匙でスープを飲む。
- more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine
- by extension, medicine
- by further extension, a doctor
Usage notes
editIn modern Japanese, the term スプーン (supūn) is used to refer to spoons in general, including spoons as found in the Western world. The term saji generally refers more to the broad, usually flat-bottomed Asian-style spoon shown at right.
The saji reading is the most common in modern Japanese when using this term as a standalone noun. The kanji spelling (匙) is rarely encountered; it is usually written in hiragana alone (さじ).
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 石匙 (ishi saji): (neolithic) a stone spoon or scoop
- 大匙 (ōsaji): a large spoon or scoop, a ladle; a tablespoon, a unit of measure of 15ml
- 御匙 (o-saji): a spoon (polite speech); a doctor (especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family)
- 御匙医師 (o-saji ishi): a doctor (especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family)
- 香匙 (kō saji): an incense scoop
- 小匙 (kosaji): a small spoon or scoop; a teaspoon, a unit of measure of 5ml
- 匙沢瀉, 匙面高 (sajiomodaka): a perennial flowering plant, Alisma plantago-aquatica var. orientale (common water plantain, mad-dog weed)
- 匙加減 (sajikagen): literally, “spoon moderation”: the degree of skill in compounding medicine; a doctor's method of treatment; the balance of flavors in a dish; knack or finesse in doing something
- 匙が回る (saji ga mawaru): (idiom): “the spoon goes around” → to be skillful at compounding medicine
- 匙先 (sajisaki): literally, “spoon tip”: the degree of skill in compounding medicine; a doctor's skill in treatment
- 匙を投げる (saji o nageru): (idiom): “throw the spoon” → throw in the towel
- 茶匙 (cha saji): a teaspoon (a spoon used for tea); a teaspoon, a unit of measure of 5ml
- 角匙 (tsuno saji): a spoon made from horn, such as a cow's horn, used historically when working with medicines
- 灰匙 (hai saji): a spoon or scoop used to scoop out ashes from the brazier used for tea ceremony
- 浜匙 (hamasaji): a perennial plant, Limonium tetragonum (autumn statice or square-stem statice)
- 一匙飯 (hitosaji meshi): a single scoop of cooked rice (viewed as inadequate and bad luck to eat just this amount, with some superstitions that eating just this would cause one to become a stepmother or stepchild)
Idioms
editIdioms
- 匙の先より口の先 (saji no saki yori kuchi no saki): “not so much the tip of their spoon, as the tip of their tongue” → a pejorative comment about a doctor, stating that they are better at flattery and speaking nicely, than they are at actual medical treatment
- 匙を投げる (saji o nageru): “to throw the [medicine] spoon” → to throw in the towel, to give up
Synonyms
editSynonyms
Etymology 6
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| しゃじ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Appears to be an alteration of saji above: [sad͡ʑi] → [ɕad͡ʑi][1][2][3]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editThis reading does not appear to be as common as the saji reading above. May be dialectal.
Etymology 7
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 匙 |
| すくい Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling of 掬い (sukui, “scoop”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掬う (sukuu, “to scoop”).[1]
Rare. Only found in compounds.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editAlthough the general term 掬い (sukui) can serve as a standalone noun, this particular 匙 spelling for sukui is only found in compounds.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja
edit匙 (eum 시 (si))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit匙: Hán Nôm readings: thi, thìa, thì, chủy/chuỷ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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