參考

See also: 参考 and 參攷

Chinese

		ginseng; take part in; participate ginseng; take part in; participate; join; attend; to join; unequal; varied; irregular; to counsel; uneven; not uniform	to check; to verify; to test to check; to verify; to test; to examine
trad. (參考/參攷)		參	考/攷
simp. (参考)		参	考

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cānkǎo

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ ㄎㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam¹ haau²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhâm-kháu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cam¹ kau³

• Eastern Min (BUC): chăng-kō̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chham-khó / chham-khóⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cam¹ kao²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshoe-khau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cānkǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ ㄎㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cankǎo
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹-kʻao³
    • Yale: tsān-kǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsankao
    • Palladius: цанькао (canʹkao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: caam¹ haau²
    • Yale: chāam háau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹ haau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam¹ hao²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ haːu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâm-kháu
    • Hakka Romanization System: cam^ˊ kau^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cam¹ kau³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam²⁴ kʰau̯³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cam¹ kau³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰau³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chăng-kō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(kʰ-)ŋo³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-khó
    • Tâi-lô: tsham-khó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhamqoir
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɤ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰo⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-khóⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsham-khónn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhamqvor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³ kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cam¹ kao²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsham kháu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰam³³⁻²³ kʰau⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tshoe-khau
    • MiniDict: tshoe^平 khau
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshoe-khau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰø⁵⁵ kʰɔ²¹/

Verb

參考

1. to reference; to consult; to refer to

   參考答案／参考答案  ―  cānkǎo dá'àn  ―  reference answer

   參考翻譯／参考翻译  ―  cānkǎo fānyì  ―  reference translation

2. to take an examination
3. refer also to; see

Synonyms

• (to reference):

edit

• 參照 / 参照 (cānzhào)
• 參看 / 参看 (cānkàn)
• 參見 / 参见 (cānjiàn)
• 參閱 / 参阅 (cānyuè)

 

• (refer also to): 參見／参见 (cānjiàn), 參看／参看 (cānkàn)

Derived terms

• 僅供參考 / 仅供参考 (jǐngōngcānkǎo)
• 參考冊 / 参考册 (chham-khó-chheh) (Min Nan)
• 參考文獻 / 参考文献 (cānkǎo wénxiàn)
• 參考書 / 参考书 (cānkǎoshū)
• 參考系 / 参考系 (cānkǎoxì)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
參	考
さん Hyōgai	こう Grade: 2
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 參考 – see the following entry.

【参考さんこう】 [noun] reference; consultation [verb] to refer to, to consult

(This term, 參考, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
參	考

Noun

參考 • (chamgo) (hangeul 참고)

1. hanja form^? of 참고 (“reference; consultation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
參	考

Verb

參考

1. chữ Hán form of tham khảo (“to consult (material); to reference”).