叱

See also: 𠮟 and 𫜸

叱	U+53F1, 叱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F1

← 台
[U+53F0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

史 →
[U+53F2]

叱	U+2F83A, 叱 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83A

← 叫
[U+2F839]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

吆 →
[U+2F83B]

Translingual

Alternative forms

Note that the right side component of this character (U+53F1) is written 𠤎 and not 匕. In Japan, as of the latest 2010 reform the correct form of the character is 𠮟 (U+20B9F) with 七 as the right side component.

Han character

叱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口心 (RP), four-corner 6401₀, composition ⿰口𠤎)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3248
Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 6
Unihan data for U+53F1

Unihan data for U+2F83A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		叱
alternative forms		咜𠮟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 叱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (七) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
切	sn̥ʰiːds, sn̥ʰiːd
砌	*sʰiːds
沏	*sʰiːd
七	*sn̥ʰid
柒	*sn̥ʰid
叱	*n̥ʰjid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chì (chi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): cêg⁴ / duah⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tsheq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chì
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih⁴
  - Yale: chr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cik¹
  - Yale: chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cêg⁴ / duah⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek / tuah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰek̚²/, /tuaʔ²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tsheq
  - MiniDict: tsheh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsheq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰəʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsyhit

Rime
Character	叱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌栗切
Baxter	tsyhit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cat¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰjid/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	叱
Reading #	1/1
No.	9912
Phonetic component	七
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	叱
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰjid/

Definitions

叱

to scold; to shout at; to bawl out

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 喊 (“to shout; to yell”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		喊
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	喊, 嚷
	Taiwan	喊
	Harbin	喊, 喊呼
	Singapore	喊
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	喊
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	喊, 喊叫
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	喊
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	喊
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	喊
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	喊
	Wuhan	喊, 𠵫
	Guilin	喊
	Liuzhou	喊
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	喊
	Yangzhou	喊
	Hefei	叫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	叫, 嗌
	Hong Kong	嗌, 叫
	Dongguan	喊
	Yangjiang	喊
	Beihai	喊
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	喊
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	喊
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	喊
	Singapore (Guangfu)	嗌
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	叫
	Móng Cái	喊
Gan	Nanchang	喊
Hakka	Meixian	喊
	Zijin	喊
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	喊
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	喊
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	喊
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	喊
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	喊
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	喊
Jin	Taiyuan	喊, 叫喊
Northern Min	Jian'ou	喊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	吿
Southern Min	Xiamen	喝
	Quanzhou	喝
	Jinjiang	喝
	Zhangzhou	喝
	Taipei	咻, 喝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	喝
	Kaohsiung	咻, 喝
	Yilan	喝
	Changhua (Lukang)	喝
	Taichung	喝
	Tainan	咻, 喝
	Hsinchu	喝
	Kinmen	喝
	Penghu (Magong)	喝
	Penang (Hokkien)	嚷
	Singapore (Hokkien)	喝
	Manila (Hokkien)	喝
	Chaozhou	喊
	Shantou	喊, 叱
	Puning	嚷, 呵, 叱
	Singapore (Teochew)	喝
Wu	Shanghai	喊, 叫
	Suzhou	喊
	Danyang	喊
	Ningbo	嘶, 叫
	Wenzhou	叫
Xiang	Changsha	喊
Xiang	Shuangfeng	喊

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

叱

(Hyōgai kanji)

to open the mouth

Readings

On (unclassified): か (ka)

Kanji

叱

(Hyōgai kanji)

Alternative forms

(prescriptively correct) 𠮟
- This usage of 叱 was officially replaced in the 2010 jōyō reform in favor of the etymologically faithful 𠮟 (U+20B9F, restoring 七 as the phonetic component). 叱 remains in common usage.

Readings

Go-on: しち (shichi)
Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
Kun: しかる (shikaru, 叱る, Jōyō)、しっ (shi', 叱)

Compounds

叱(しか)る (shikaru): to scold
叱(しか)り飛(と)ばす (shikaritobasu): to scold away

Etymology

Kanji in this term
叱
しっ Hyōgai (ateji)
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕiʔ]

Interjection

叱(しっ) • (shi')

shh
shoo

Korean

Hanja

叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))

hanja form^? of 질 (“scold”)

Compounds

질타 (叱咤, jilta, “rebuke”)

Old Korean

Pronunciation

Conventionally reconstructed as *-s, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Etymology 1

Generally thought to be from an otherwise unattested Old Chinese dialectal pronunciation of the character that began with *s-.

Minority views include that it is a graphic simplification of a different Chinese character, or that it is a gukja invented in Korea with 𠤎 representing the shape of the tongue while pronouncing /s/ and 口 being a radical that denotes a non-standard character.

Phonogram

叱 (*-s)

A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-s

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

之 (logographic form, in Idu texts)

Particle

叱 (*-s)

Genitive case marker, chiefly for inanimate nouns.

Usage notes

In Middle Korean, the genitive case marker ㅅ (Yale: -s) was used for both inanimate nouns and honored animate nouns, while the other genitive marker 의〮 (Yale: -úy) was reserved for non-honored animate nouns.

In the limited Old Korean corpus, 叱 (*-s) appears to be used chiefly for inanimate nouns. Meanwhile, many texts use the genitive 尸 (*-lq), with no evident Middle Korean reflex, for honored nouns such as the Buddha. There is a strong argument that 尸 (*-lq) is an allomorphic variant of 叱 (*-s), representing a phenomenon ancestral to the tensing of the subsequent obstruent that occurred in Middle Korean when ㅅ (-s) occurred between a sonorant and an obstruent. If true, there was no distinction between Old and Middle Korean in the use of the genitive -s.

Unlike the other Old Korean genitive marker 衣 (*-uy), 叱 (*-s) could follow other case markers.

Descendants

Middle Korean: ㅅ (-s, genitive case marker for inanimate or honored animate nouns)
- Korean: ㅅ (-s-, interfix)

References

조은주 (Jo Eun-ju) (2002) “석독구결 자료에 나타난 속격조사에 대하여 [Seokdok gugyeol jaryo-e natanan sokgyeok josa-e daehayeo, On the genitive case markers in interpretive gugyeol texts]”, in Gungmunhak Nonjip, volume 18, pages 61–90
장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [Seokdok gugyeol 'si'-ui munje haegyeor-eul wihayeo, For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

Vietnamese

Han character

叱: Hán Nôm readings: sất, sứt, sớt

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