See also: , , , and
U+5426, 否
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426

[U+5425]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5427]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 10609, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5426

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms “no; not”
𠲎 Northern Wu
𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : phonetic (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', not) + semantic (mouth). Similar to .

Etymology 1

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See etymology of .

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /fou²¹⁴/
Harbin /fau²¹³/
/fou²¹³/
Tianjin /fou¹³/
Jinan /fɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /fɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fu⁵³/
Xi'an /fu⁵³/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu⁵³/
Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /fu⁵¹/
Wuhan /fəu⁴²/
Chengdu /fo⁵³/
/fəu⁵³/
Guiyang /fu⁴²/
Kunming /fəu⁵³/
Nanjing /fəi²¹²/
Hefei /fʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /fu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /fɤ³⁵/
Suzhou /fɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fei⁵³/
Wenzhou /fɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fo³⁵/
Tunxi /fo³¹/
Xiang Changsha /xəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /fɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /feu³¹/
Taoyuan /feu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐu³⁵/
Nanning /fɐu³⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pʰeu³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pʰe²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hõu⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fɔu²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (1)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter pjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/piuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/piəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/puwX/
Li
Rong
/piuX/
Wang
Li
/pĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/pi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fau2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*pəʔ/
English not

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 1028
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pɯʔ/

Definitions

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  1. nay; no; negative
  2. not
  3. final interrogative particle
Usage notes
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is the form taken by when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • phí - literary;
  • pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as ).
Note:
  • pi2 - literary;
  • pai2 - vernacular (usually written as ).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter bijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/biɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bjiX/
Li
Rong
/bjiX/
Wang
Li
/biX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/bʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bei6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 1022
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*brɯʔ/

Definitions

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  1. to block; to obstruct
  2. to denounce; to censure
  3. to become extinct
  4. poverty-stricken; poor
  5. evil; vile
  6. Alternative form of (, superficial; shallow)
  7. Alternative form of (, lump in the abdomen)
  8. 12th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. no
  2. negate

Readings

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  • Go-on: (bi) (fu)
  • Kan-on: (hi, Jōyō)ふう ()
  • Kun: いな (ina)いなむ (inamu, 否む)いや (iya)あらず (arazu)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
いな
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
いな
[interjection] no
[noun] nay, no
[noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail
(This term, , is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC bijX). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (hi

  1. no

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 아닐 (anil bu))

  1. hanja form? of (not, no, negative)

(eumhun 막힐 (makhil bi))

  1. hanja form? of (obstruct, block)

Tày

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Adverb

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(bấu)

  1. Nôm form of bấu (not; not at all).
    斉福欣坪
    Te̱ phúc bấu hăn phắng
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: , phủ, phầu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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References

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  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  NODES
Note 6