Wiktionary

唯

唯 U+552F, 唯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-552F
← 售
[U+552E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 唰 →
[U+5530]

Translingual

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Han character

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唯 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口人土 (ROG), four-corner 60014, composition ⿰口隹)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 193, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3761
  • Dae Jaweon: page 413, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 642, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+552F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 唯

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 唯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匯 *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl
擓 *kʰʷriːl
淮 *ɡʷriːl
睢 *qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils
嶉 *sqʷi
趡 *skʰʷilʔ
踓 *skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ
雖 *sqʰʷi
濉 *sqʰʷi
倠 *qʰʷi
婎 *qʰʷil, *qʰʷils
蓶 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
維 *ɢʷi
惟 *ɢʷi
唯 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
濰 *ɢʷi
琟 *ɢʷil
鷕 *ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ
帷 *ɢʷril
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 隹.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *way (“be, copula, nominalizer, subordinator”); cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wəy (“to be”) > Proto-Loloish *ʔ-way²/³ (> Luquan ve³³ ~ ve⁵⁵ ("subordinator, final particle"), Lahu ve (“nominalizer; relativizer; genitivizer”), Akha ø ~ ø̀ (“subordinator; citation-form marker; terminator of utterances in declarative mood”)), Mizo ve (“also, too, as well”), Jingpho we (“present tense particle”), and possibly Tibetan ཡིན (yin, “to be”) < *wi-n (with earlier w- disappearing before -i).(STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Related to 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • ûi - literary;
  • bî - vernacular.
Rime
Character 唯
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以追切
Baxter ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwi/
Li
Rong 		/ui/
Wang
Li 		/jwi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/wi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wéi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 唯
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wéi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ywij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷij/ (< *ɢʷuj?)
English only

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 唯
Reading # 1/2
No. 12854
Phonetic
component 		唯
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		惟
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷi/
Notes 本象隹鳴，鷕即其轉註異構，
非隹聲

Definitions

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唯

  1. (alt. form 維／维, 惟) to be
    予惟小子 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    yǔ wéi xiǎozǐ [Pinyin]
    I am a young person
  2. (alt. form 維／维, 惟) An introductory particle marking noun phrases as the topic
  3. (alt. form 惟) only; alone
  4. (literary) because
  5. although
  6. (literary) to allow (often used with 所)
  7. Particle for expressing one's wish.
  8. (alt. form 維／维, 惟) Meaningless sentence-initial particle.

Compounds

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Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 是 (“to be (+ noun)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 惟, 為, 乃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 是, 係
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 是
Taiwan 是
Malaysia 是
Singapore 是
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 是
Jinan 是
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 是
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 是
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 是
Wuhan 是
Guilin 是
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 是
Hefei 是
Cantonese Guangzhou 係
Hong Kong 係
Macau 係
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 係
Taishan 係
Yangjiang 係
Maoming (Xinpo) 係
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 是
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 係
Penang (Guangfu) 係
Singapore (Guangfu) 係
Gan Nanchang 是
Hakka Meixian 係
Xingning 係
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 係
Huidong (Daling) 係
Wuhua (Meilin) 係
Zijin 係
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 係
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 係
Changting 係
Wuping 係
Wuping (Pingyu) 係
Liancheng 係
Ninghua 係
Yudu 係
Ruijin 係
Shicheng 係
Shangyou (Shexi) 係
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 係
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 係
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 係
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 係
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 係
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 係
Hong Kong 係
Kuching (Hepo) 係
Singapore (Dabu) 係
Jin Taiyuan 是
Northern Min Jian'ou 是
Eastern Min Fuzhou 是
Singapore (Fuqing) 是
Southern Min Xiamen 是
Xiamen (Tong'an) 是
Quanzhou 是
Zhangzhou 是
Dongshan 是
Taipei 是
New Taipei (Sanxia) 是
Kaohsiung 是
Yilan 是
Changhua (Lukang) 是
Taichung 是
Tainan 是
Hsinchu 是
Kinmen 是
Penghu (Magong) 是
Penang (Hokkien) 是
Singapore (Hokkien) 是
Manila (Hokkien) 是
Datian 是
Chaozhou 是
Shantou 是
Shantou (Chaoyang) 是
Jieyang 是
Haifeng 是
Singapore (Teochew) 是
Leizhou 是
Wenchang 是
Qionghai 是
Singapore (Hainanese) 是
Puxian Min Putian 是
Xianyou 是, 正是
Wu Shanghai 是
Shanghai (Songjiang) 是
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 是
Shanghai (Jiading) 是
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 是
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 是
Shanghai (Chongming) 是
Suzhou 是
Suzhou (Wujiang) 是
Wuxi 是
Changshu 是
Kunshan 是
Taicang 是
Qidong 是
Haimen (Sijia) 是
Jiaxing 是
Jiashan 是
Pinghu 是
Haining (Yanguan) 是
Tongxiang 是
Haiyan 是
Changzhou 是
Liyang 是
Changzhou (Jintan) 是
Yixing 是
Danyang 是
Jingjiang 是
Jiangyin 是
Nanjing (Gaochun) 是
Huzhou 是
Changxing 是
Anji 是
Hangzhou 是
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 是
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 是
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 是
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 是
Tonglu 是
Tonglu (Wusheng) 是
Shaoxing 是
Zhuji 是
Shengzhou 是
Xinchang 是
Ningbo 是
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 是
Ningbo (Fenghua) 是
Yuyao 是
Cixi 是
Xiangshan 是
Ninghai 是
Zhoushan 是
Tiantai 是
Xianju 是
Sanmen 是
Wenzhou 是
Yueqing 是
Lishui 是
Longquan 是
Jinhua 是
Yiwu 是
Xiang Changsha 是
Shuangfeng 是

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (唯):
  • → Vietnamese: duy (唯)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 唯
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以水切
Baxter ywijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwiX/
Li
Rong 		/uiX/
Wang
Li 		/jwiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/wiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wěi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 唯
Reading # 2/2
No. 12858
Phonetic
component 		唯
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		唯
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷiʔ/

Definitions

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唯

  1. (obsolete) A polite particle used to respond to elders: yes

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (唯):

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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唯

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ゆい (yui, Jōyō)←ゆい (yui, historical)←ゆゐ (yuwi, ancient)
  • Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō †)←ゐ (wi, historical)
  • Kun: ただ (tada, 唯)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
唯
ゆい
Grade: S
goon

/juwi/ → /jui/

From Middle Chinese 唯 (MC ywij).

Affix

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唯(ゆい) • (yui) 

  1. only, solely
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Derived terms

Proper noun

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唯(ゆい) • (Yui) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
唯
い
Grade: S
kan'on

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 唯 (MC ywijX).

Interjection

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唯(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. polite particle used to respond to elders: yes
    Synonym: はい (hai)
Derived terms
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Affix

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唯(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. polite particle used to respond to elders: yes
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
唯
ただ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 唯 – see the following entry.
【ただ】
[adverb] 唯, 只, 但: merely, commonly, simply, only
[conjunction] 唯, 只, 但: but, however, although, except that
Alternative spellings
只, 但
(This term, 唯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
唯
たった
Grade: S
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 唯 – see the following entry.
【たった】
[adverb] (usually with numbers) only
[suffix] (Internet slang, humorous) Verb suffix for past actions.
(This term, 唯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
唯
たんだ
Grade: S
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 唯 – see the following entry: たんだ

(The following entry is uncreated: たんだ.)

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
唯
ない
Grade: S
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 唯 – see the following entry: ない

(The following entry is uncreated: ない.)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

唯 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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唯: Hán Việt readings: duy, dụy/duỵ
唯: Nôm readings: dạ, dói, dúi, duối, duy, giòe/gioè, giói

  1. chữ Hán form of duy (“only”).
  2. Nôm form of dạ (“A polite particle used to respond to people of higher statuses: yes”).

References

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=唯&oldid=81409605"
  NODES
INTERN 1
Note 6