墳

See also: 坟

墳 U+58B3, 墳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58B3 ← 墲 [U+58B2] CJK Unified Ideographs 墴 → [U+58B4]

墳 U+FA7D, 墳 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA7D ← 塚 [U+FA7C] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 奄 → [U+FA7E]

Translingual

Han character

墳 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土十廿金 (GJTC), four-corner 4418₆, composition ⿰土賁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5488
• Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 485, character 6
• Unihan data for U+58B3

• Unihan data for U+FA7D

Chinese

trad.		墳
simp.		坟
alternative forms		坆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 墳
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
賁	*prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn
蟦	*bɯl, *bɯlʔ, *bɯls
膹	*bɯlʔ, *bɯnʔ
橨	*bɯlʔ, *bɯn
奔	*pɯːn, *pɯːns
錛	*pɯːn
噴	*pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns
濆	*pʰɯːn, *bɯn
歕	*pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns
獖	*bɯːnʔ
餴	*pɯn
饙	*pɯn
僨	*pɯns
墳	*bɯn, *bɯnʔ
燌	*bɯn
豶	*bɯn
羵	*bɯn
蕡	*bɯn
鐼	*bɯn, *hmɯns
馩	*bɯn
轒	*bɯn, *bɯnʔ
鼖	*bɯn
憤	*bɯnʔ
鱝	*bɯnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯn, *bɯnʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn).

Etymology

According to STEDT, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-bʷam ~ s-bʷap (“to swell; swollen, fat, thick; rounded part, mountain, hill”); see 胖 (OC *pʰaːns, “fat (adjective)”) for more.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fén (fen²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фын (fɨn, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fun³

• Gan (Wiktionary): fiin⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pùn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fun²

• Jin (Wiktionary): feng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hûn / phûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pung⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ven
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fén
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fén
    • Wade–Giles: fên²
    • Yale: fén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fern
    • Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fen²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фын (fɨn, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fəŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁴
    • Yale: fàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fiin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɨn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: bun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bun²
    • Sinological IPA: /pun¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fun²
    • Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: feng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
    • Tâi-lô: hûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huun
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hun²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phûn
    • Tâi-lô: phûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phuun
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰun²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ven
    • MiniDict: ven^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ven
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸən¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjun

Rime
Character	墳
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符分切
Baxter	bjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/biun/
Shao Rongfen	/biuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bun/
Li Rong	/biuən/
Wang Li	/bĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墳
Reading #	1/2
No.	454
Phonetic component	奔
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	汾
Old Chinese	/*bɯn/

Definitions

墳

1. grave; mound (Classifier: 座)
2. (literary) embankment; raised bank
3. (literary) to bulge; to swell

Synonyms

• (grave):

edit

• 墓葬 (mùzàng)
• 墳包 / 坟包 (fen² bao¹) (Sichuanese)
• 墳塚 / 坟冢 (fénzhǒng) (literary)
• 墳墓 / 坟墓 (fénmù)
• 宅兆 (zháizhào) (literary)
• 風水 / 风水 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		墳墓, 墳
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	墳
	Harbin	墳
	Singapore	墓, 墳墓
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	墳
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	墳
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓
	Wanrong	墳, 墓
	Xi'an	墳, 墓
	Xuzhou	墳墓, 墳
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	墳塋
	Ürümqi	墳
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	墳, 墳墓
	Chongqing	墳, 墳墓
	Wuhan	墳
	Guiyang	墳, 墳墓 large
	Guilin	墳
	Liuzhou	墳, 山
	Dagudi (Maliba)	墳堆
	Reshuitang (Longling)	墳堆
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	墳堆
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	墳
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	墳
	Yangzhou	墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子
	Hefei	墳堰
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	墳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	山墳, 山, 墳
	Hong Kong	山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓, 山
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	墳頭
	Macau	墳墓
	Taishan (Guanghai)	墳墓
	Dongguan	墓
	Yangjiang	山, 墳山
	Maoming (Xinpo)	墳山
	Nanning	墳山
	Wuzhou	墳山
	Yulin	墳山
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	墳山, 山
	Hepu (Shatian)	山
	Beihai	墳, 山
	Beihai (Nankang)	墳
	Beihai (Yingpan)	山, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	墳墓, 墳山
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	墳墓
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	山墳, 義山
	Singapore (Guangfu)	墳墓
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	山墳
	Móng Cái	墳墓
	Mandalay (Taishan)	墳山, 墳墓
Gan	Nanchang	墳
	Lichuan	墳, 墳塋 large
	Jianning	地
	Taining	地
Hakka	Meixian	地, 墓
	Xingning	泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial
	Huidong (Daling)	地
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	墳頭
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地, 地墳
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	地
	Wengyuan	地墳
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	地
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	地 second burial
	Liannan	墳
	Jiexi	地
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	地
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	地
	Changting	地
	Shanghang	地
	Longyan (Yongding)	地
	Wuping	地
	Wuping (Yanqian)	地, 死佬
	Wuping (Pingyu)	地
	Liancheng	地
	Ninghua	地
	Qingliu	地
	Yudu	地
	Ruijin	地, 風水
	Shicheng	地
	Shangyou (Shexi)	地
	Tonggu (Sandu)	墳, 地
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	地
	Dayu	地
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地, 風水
	Hong Kong	墳頭
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	山
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	山, 山頭
	Xinyi (Sihe)	山地
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	墳山
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	墳地
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	墳山
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	墳地
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	墳, 墳地
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	墳, 地 without a body buried
	Mengshan (Xihe)	墳地
	Luchuan	山
	Senai (Huiyang)	墳, 風水, 義山
	Senai (Hepo)	墳墓, 地 dated
	Singkawang	地, 地門堂
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地
Jin	Taiyuan	墳, 墓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	塚
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	塚
	Songxi	塚
	Zhenghe	塚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	塚
	Jianyang	塚
	Wuyishan	塚
	Pucheng (Shibei)	塚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	墓
	Fuzhou (Changle)	墓
	Lianjiang	墓
	Fuqing	墓
	Pingtan	墓
	Yongtai	墓
	Minqing	墓
	Gutian	地, 墓
	Pingnan	墓
	Luoyuan	墓
	Fu'an	墓
	Ningde	墓
	Xiapu	墓
	Zherong	墓
	Shouning	墓
	Zhouning	墓
	Fuding	墓
Southern Min	Xiamen	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	墓
	Quanzhou	墓, 風水
	Jinjiang	墓
	Nan'an	墓
	Shishi	墓
	Hui'an	墓
	Anxi	墓
	Yongchun	墓
	Dehua	墓
	Zhangzhou	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	墓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	墓
	Hua'an	墓
	Nanjing	墓
	Pinghe	墓仔
	Zhangpu	墓
	Yunxiao	墓
	Zhao'an	墓
	Dongshan	墓
	Tainan	墓, 風水
	Kinmen	墓
	Penang (Hokkien)	墓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated
	Manila (Hokkien)	墓, 風水
	Longyan	墓
	Zhangping	墓
	Datian	墓
	Chaozhou	墳, 風水
	Lufeng	風水
	Haifeng	風水
	Bangkok (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	墳
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	墳
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Singapore (Teochew)	墳
	Leizhou	墓
	Haikou	墓
Puxian Min	Putian	墓
	Xianyou	墓
Central Min	Yong'an	墳
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	墳
	Sanming (Shaxian)	墳
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	墓
	Guangze	墓
	Jiangle	地
	Mingxi	地
	Shunchang	塚, 墳
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	墳墓, 山
Shehua	Fu'an	墓
	Fuding	墓
	Luoyuan	墳
	Sanming	墳
	Shunchang	墳
	Hua'an	墳
	Guixi (Zhangping)	墳
	Cangnan	墳
	Jingning (Hexi)	墳
	Lishui	墳
	Longyou	墳
	Chaozhou	墳
	Fengshun	墳
Wu	Shanghai	墳, 墳墓, 墓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	墳
	Suzhou	墳
	Danyang	墳墓
	Hangzhou	墳
	Ningbo	墳, 墓
	Wenzhou	墳
	Yiwu	墳頭
	Pucheng	墳
Xiang	Changsha	墳
	Loudi	墳, 墓
	Shuangfeng	墳, 墓
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	祖

Compounds

• 三墳 / 三坟
• 上墳 / 上坟 (shàngfén)
• 三墳五典 / 三坟五典
• 丘墳 / 丘坟
• 亂墳崗 / 乱坟岗 (luànfèngǎng)
• 五子哭墳 / 五子哭坟
• 典墳 / 典坟
• 圓墳 / 圆坟
• 墳典 / 坟典
• 墳圈子 / 坟圈子
• 墳園 / 坟园
• 墳地 / 坟地 (féndì)
• 墳場 / 坟场 (fénchǎng)
• 墳塚 / 坟冢 (fénzhǒng)
• 墳塋 / 坟茔 (fényíng)
• 墳墓 / 坟墓 (fénmù)
• 墳壤 / 坟壤
• 墳山 / 坟山 (fénshān)
• 墳所 / 坟所
• 墳樹 / 坟树
• 墳然 / 坟然
• 墳籍 / 坟籍
• 墳起 / 坟起
• 墳陵 / 坟陵
• 墳頭 / 坟头 (féntóu)
• 孤墳 / 孤坟
• 孤墳野塚 / 孤坟野冢
• 小上墳 / 小上坟
• 岳墳 / 岳坟
• 新墳 / 新坟
• 汝墳 / 汝坟
• 添墳 / 添坟
• 皇墳 / 皇坟
• 看墳 / 看坟
• 祖墳 / 祖坟 (zǔfén)
• 祭墳 / 祭坟
• 自掘墳墓 / 自掘坟墓 (zìjuéfénmù)
• 負土成墳 / 负土成坟
• 錯上墳 / 错上坟
• 陽墳 / 阳坟

 

Descendants

• → Zhuang: faenz

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fèn (fen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴
    • Yale: fèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
    • Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁵
    • Yale: fáhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjunX

Rime
Character	墳
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房吻切
Baxter	bjunX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨunX/
Pan Wuyun	/biunX/
Shao Rongfen	/biuənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bunX/
Li Rong	/biuənX/
Wang Li	/bĭuənX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墳
Reading #	2/2
No.	467
Phonetic component	奔
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憤
Old Chinese	/*bɯnʔ/

Definitions

墳

1. ^† fertile

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fèn (fen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴
    • Yale: fèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
    • Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹/

Definitions

墳

1. ^† (of land) to bulge

References

• “墳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

墳

(Jōyō kanji)

1. Tomb

Readings

• Go-on: ぶん (bun)、ぼん (bon)
• Kan-on: ふん (fun, Jōyō)、ほん (hon)
• Kun: はか (haka, 墳)、つつみ (tsutsumi, 墳)

Compounds

• 墳塋(ふんえい) (fun'ei)
• 墳丘(ふんきゅう) (funkyū)
• 墳墓(ふんぼ) (funbo)
• 円墳(えんぷん) (enpun)
• 古墳(こふん) (kofun)
• 前方後円墳(ぜんぽうこうえんふん) (zenpōkōenfun)
• 土墳(どふん) (dofun)
• 八角墳(はっかくふん) (hakkakufun)
• 方墳(ほうふん) (hōfun)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 墳 (MC bjun).

Hanja

墳 (eumhun 무덤 분 (mudeom bun))

1. hanja form^? of 분 (“grave, mound”)
2. hanja form^? of 분 (“bulge”)

Vietnamese

Han character

墳: Hán Nôm readings: phần

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