外家

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
trad. (外家)		外	家
simp. ^#(外家)		外	家

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wàijiā

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ gaa¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngoi-kâ

(Hailu, HRS): ngoi^˖ ga^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngoi⁴ ga¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua⁵ gor¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gōa-ke / gōa-kee / gōe-ke

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghua⁷ gê¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wàijiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wàijia
  - Wade–Giles: wai⁴-chia¹
  - Yale: wài-jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayjia
  - Palladius: вайцзя (vajczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    外加
    外家
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁶ gaa¹
  - Yale: ngoih gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoi ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ ka²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoi^˖ ga^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋoi³³ ka⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngoi⁴ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋoɪ⁵³ ka⁴⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gua⁵ gor¹ [Phonetic: gua⁵ or¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹ ^(k-)ɒ⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-ke
  - Tâi-lô: guā-ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaxkef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² ke³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-kee
  - Tâi-lô: guā-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōe-ke
  - Tâi-lô: guē-ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goexkef
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡue³³⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡue³³⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghua⁷ gê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā ke
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡua¹¹ ke³³/

Noun

外家

maternal grandparents' home
(dialectal) married woman's parents' home
(literary) home of one's husband's parents-in-law
(historical) outside family of a man formed with a mistress or concubine
(historical) mistress of a man

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 娘家 (“married woman's parents' home”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		娘家
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	娘家
	Harbin	娘家
	Singapore	娘家
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	娘家
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	娘家
	Xining	娘家
	Xuzhou	娘家
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	娘家
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	娘家
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	娘家, 娘屋頭, 娘屋
	Wuhan	娘屋裡
	Guiyang	娘家
	Liuzhou	娘家, 外家
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	娘家
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	娘家
Cantonese	Guangzhou	外家
	Hong Kong	外家
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	外家
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	外家
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	外家
	Dongguan	外家
Gan	Nanchang	娘家, 娘屋裡
	Lichuan	娘家
	Pingxiang	娘屋裡
Hakka	Meixian	妹家, 外家
	Yudu	外家
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	外家, 妹家
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	外家, 妹家
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	外家
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	妹家, 外家
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	外家, 妹家
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	外家
	Hong Kong	妹家
Huizhou	Jixi	娘家
Jin	Taiyuan	娘家, 媽家
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	外家
Eastern Min	Matsu	外家
Southern Min	Xiamen	外家, 後頭, 某後頭
	Quanzhou	外家, 後頭, 某後頭
	Zhangzhou	外家
	Tainan	外家, 外家厝, 後頭, 後頭厝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	外家
	Manila (Hokkien)	後頭
	Shantou	外家
	Jieyang	家後
	Bangkok (Teochew)	外家
	Haikou	外家
	Singapore (Hainanese)	外家
Puxian Min	Putian	外家
Puxian Min	Xianyou	外家
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	外家, 娘家
Wu	Shanghai	娘家
	Shanghai (Chongming)	娘家
	Danyang	娘家
	Ningbo	娘家
	Jinhua	娘家
Xiang	Changsha	娘屋裡
	Loudi	娘屋裡
	Hengyang	娘屋裡

Derived terms

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “外家”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 243.
“Entry #416”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.