Wiktionary

夙

夙 U+5919, 夙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5919
← 夘
[U+5918] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 多 →
[U+591A]

Translingual

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Han character

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夙 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓一弓戈 (HNMNI), four-corner 77210, composition ⿵几歹)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5755
  • Dae Jaweon: page 489, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 861, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5919

Chinese

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trad. 夙
simp. # 夙
alternative forms 𠈇
𡖊
𡖕

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 夙
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (夙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
洬 *suːɡ
夙 *suɡ

The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set.

In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕.

丮 later got reduced into 凡.

Etymology

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Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).

Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 夙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息逐切
Baxter sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/suwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/siuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/sĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		su
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		suk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]uk/
English early morning

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夙
Reading # 1/1
No. 12098
Phonetic
component 		夙
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		肅
Old
Chinese 		/*suɡ/

Definitions

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夙

  1. early morning
  2. early
  3. old; past
  4. since old days

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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夙

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. early morning
  2. early
  3. since long ago
  4. to be prudent, mindful, respectful
    Synonym: 粛

Readings

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  • Go-on: すく (suku)
  • Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
  • Kun: つとに (tsutoni, 夙に)、はやい (hayai, 夙い)、まだき (madaki, 夙)

Korean

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Hanja

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夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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夙: Hán Nôm readings: túc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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