居士

Chinese

		reside	scholar; warrior; knight
simp. and trad. (居士)		居	士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi¹ si⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'jy¹ si⁵
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy¹ so⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ku-sū / ki-sū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ge¹ se⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyushìh
    • Wade–Giles: chü¹-shih⁴
    • Yale: jyū-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiushyh
    • Palladius: цзюйши (czjujši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 居士 居室

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: geoi¹ si⁶
    • Yale: gēui sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goey¹ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêu¹ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯⁵⁵ siː²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'jy¹ si⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈt͡ɕy⁴² sz̩¹¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gy¹ so⁵ [Phonetic: gy² so⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ-seō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬo²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gy¹ so⁵ [Phonetic: gy² so⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬɵ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku-sū
    • Tâi-lô: ku-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kusu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ku⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-sū
    • Tâi-lô: ki-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kisu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ge¹ se⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ³³⁻²³ sɯ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kjo dzriX

Rime
Character	居	士
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	九魚切	鉏里切
Baxter	kjo	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨʌ/	/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɔ/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɔ/	/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨə̆/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li Rong	/kiɔ/	/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang Li	/kĭo/	/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯wo/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi1	zi6

Noun

居士

1. (Buddhism) householder (lay devotee)
2. (Buddhism, Hinduism, uncommon) Vaishya (one of the four castes of the varna system)

   Synonym: 吠舍 (fèishè)

   • 摩納白佛言：「世有四姓——剎利、婆羅門、居士、首陀羅；其彼三姓，常尊重、恭敬、供養婆羅門。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     摩纳白佛言：「世有四姓——刹利、婆罗门、居士、首陀罗；其彼三姓，常尊重、恭敬、供养婆罗门。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 413. Buddhayaśas (佛陀耶舍) and Zhu Fonian (竺佛念), trans. The Dīrghāgama 《長阿含經》 DA 20. English text based on the translation by Bhikkhu Sujato of the parallel text DN 3 in the Pali Tipiṭaka

     Mónà bái Fó yán: “Shì yǒu sì xìng — chàlì, póluómén, jūshì, shǒutuóluó; qí bǐ sān xìng, cháng zūnzhòng, gōngjìng, gōngyǎng póluómén.” [Pinyin]

     "Master Gotama, there are these four castes: aristocrats, brahmins, merchants, and workers. Three of these castes — aristocrats, merchants, and workers — in fact succeed only in serving the brahmins," (said the youth)

3. retired scholar