崩れる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
崩
くず Grade: S
kun'yomi

See also 崩れ

Etymology

⟨kuduru⟩ → /kuduru/ → /kud͡zuru/ → /kud͡zureru/

From Old Japanese 崩る (kuduru), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

First cited to the 播磨風土記 (Harima Fudoki) of 715.^[1]

Ultimately from 屑 (kuzu, “rubbish, refuse, scrap, junk, waste”),^[1] and analyzable as etymologically meaning "to become rubbish". For the causative form 崩す (kuzusu), compare English to lay waste, to ruin.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くずれる [kùzúréꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[5]^[6]^[7]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟zɨɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「崩れる」

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	崩れる	くずれる	`[kùzúréꜜrù]`
Imperative (命令形)	崩れろ	くずれろ	`[kùzúréꜜrò]`
Key constructions
Passive	崩れられる	くずれられる	`[kùzúréráréꜜrù]`
Causative	崩れさせる	くずれさせる	`[kùzúrésáséꜜrù]`
Potential	崩れられる	くずれられる	`[kùzúréráréꜜrù]`
Volitional	崩れよう	くずれよー	`[kùzúréyóꜜò]`
Negative	崩れない	くずれない	`[kùzúréꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	崩れなかった	くずれなかった	`[kùzúréꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	崩れます	くずれます	`[kùzúrémáꜜsù]`
Perfective	崩れた	くずれた	`[kùzúꜜrètà]`
Conjunctive	崩れて	くずれて	`[kùzúꜜrètè]`
Hypothetical conditional	崩れれば	くずれれば	`[kùzúréꜜrèbà]`

Verb

崩(くず)れる • (kuzureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 崩(くず)れ (kuzure), past 崩(くず)れた (kuzureta))

Japanese verb pair
active	崩す
mediopassive	崩れる

[from 715] to collapse, to fall, to be destroyed, to become ruined, to crumble

Conjugation

Conjugation of "崩れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	崩れ	くずれ	kuzure
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	崩れ	くずれ	kuzure
Shūshikei ("terminal")	崩れる	くずれる	kuzureru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	崩れる	くずれる	kuzureru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	崩れれ	くずれれ	kuzurere
Meireikei ("imperative")	崩れよ¹ 崩れろ²	くずれよ¹ くずれろ²	kuzureyo¹ kuzurero²
Key constructions
Passive	崩れられる	くずれられる	kuzurerareru
Causative	崩れさせる崩れさす	くずれさせるくずれさす	kuzuresaseru kuzuresasu
Potential	崩れられる崩れれる³	くずれられるくずれれる³	kuzurerareru kuzurereru³
Volitional	崩れよう	くずれよう	kuzureyō
Negative	崩れない崩れぬ崩れん	くずれないくずれぬくずれん	kuzurenai kuzurenu kuzuren
Negative continuative	崩れず	くずれず	kuzurezu
Formal	崩れます	くずれます	kuzuremasu
Perfective	崩れた	くずれた	kuzureta
Conjunctive	崩れて	くずれて	kuzurete
Hypothetical conditional	崩れれば	くずれれば	kuzurereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “崩”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “崩れる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
^ Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “崩”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-2] “崩れる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[K-3] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[M-4] Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

[DJR-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-6] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-7] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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