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Translingual
editHan character
edit幼 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女戈大尸 (VIKS), four-corner 24727, composition ⿰幺力)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 342, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9193
- Dae Jaweon: page 650, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1093, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5E7C
Chinese
edit| simp. and trad. |
幼 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㓜 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 幼 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 幺 (“tiny”) + 力 (“strength”). 幺 (OC *qiːw) may also act as a phonetic component.
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jau3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): iú
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ieu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yòu
- Wade–Giles: yu4
- Yale: yòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau3
- Yale: yau
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau3
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu
- Hakka Romanization System: iu
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iú
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛu²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: 'jiwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)iw-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯws/
Definitions
edit幼
- (literary, or in compounds) infant; young child
- (literary, or in compounds) young
- (literary, or in compounds) immature
- † to love; to take care of (the young)
- 老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Lǎo wú lǎo, yǐjí rén zhī lǎo; yòu wú yòu, yǐjí rén zhī yòu. [Pinyin]
- Treat with the kindness due to youth the young in your own family, so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated.
(Alternatively: “Respect the elderly in your own family as well as you respect the elderly in other families. Care for your own children as well as you care for others’ children.”)
- (Cantonese, Southern Min, Eastern Min) thin; fine (not coarse)
- (Southern Min, Eastern Min, of food) tender; soft
- a surname
Synonyms
edit- (infant):
- (young):
- (thin):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 細 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 細 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 細 |
| Taiwan | 細 | |
| Singapore | 細 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 細 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 細 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 細 |
| Wuhan | 細 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 細 |
| Hefei | 細 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幼 |
| Hong Kong | 幼 | |
| Yangjiang | 細, 嫩 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 幼 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 細 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幼, 細 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 細 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 細 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 杪, 幼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 幼 |
| Tainan | 幼 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Chaozhou | 幼, 細 | |
| Wenchang | 幼 | |
| Haikou | 幼 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 細 |
| Wenzhou | 細 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 細 |
| Shuangfeng | 細 | |
- (tender):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嫩 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 嫩 |
| Singapore | 嫩 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 嫩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嫩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嫩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 嫩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嫩 |
| Hong Kong | 嫩 | |
| Dongguan | 嫩 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 嫩 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嫩 |
| Lichuan | 嫩 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 嫩 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 幼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 幼 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 幼 | |
| Quanzhou | 幼 | |
| Zhangzhou | 幼 | |
| Tainan | 幼 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 幼 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 幼 | |
| Wenchang | 幼 | |
| Haikou | 幼 | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 嫩 |
| Ningbo | 嫩 | |
Antonyms
edit- (antonym(s) of “young”): 老 (lǎo)
Compounds
edit- 低幼兒童 / 低幼儿童
- 低幼讀物 / 低幼读物
- 出幼
- 婦幼 / 妇幼 (fùyòu)
- 嬰幼兒 / 婴幼儿 (yīngyòu'ér)
- 年幼 (niányòu)
- 年幼無知 / 年幼无知
- 幼主 (yòuzhǔ)
- 幼兒 / 幼儿 (yòu'ér)
- 幼兒教育 / 幼儿教育 (yòu'ér jiàoyù)
- 幼功
- 幼子 (yòuzǐ)
- 幼孤 (yòugū)
- 幼學 / 幼学
- 幼學壯行 / 幼学壮行
- 幼學瓊林 / 幼学琼林
- 幼小 (yòuxiǎo)
- 幼崽 (yòuzǎi)
- 幼年 (yòunián)
- 幼弱 (yòuruò)
- 幼托 (yòutuō)
- 幼教 (yòujiào)
- 幼林
- 幼株
- 幼稚 (yòuzhì)
- 幼稚園 / 幼稚园 (yòuzhìyuán)
- 幼稚園病 / 幼稚园病
- 幼稚教育
- 幼稚病 (yòuzhìbìng)
- 幼穉
- 幼童 (yòutóng)
- 幼童軍 / 幼童军
- 幼艾
- 幼芽 (yòuyá)
- 幼苗 (yòumiáo)
- 幼蟲 / 幼虫 (yòuchóng)
- 幼風 / 幼风
- 幼體 / 幼体 (yòutǐ)
- 幼齒 / 幼齿 (yòuchǐ)
- 慈幼
- 托幼 (tuōyòu)
- 扶幼週 / 扶幼周
- 扶老攜幼 / 扶老携幼 (fúlǎoxiéyòu)
- 攜幼扶老 / 携幼扶老
- 攜老扶幼 / 携老扶幼 (xiélǎofúyòu)
- 攜老挈幼 / 携老挈幼
- 敬老慈幼
- 母老子幼
- 男女老幼 (nánnǚlǎoyòu)
- 老幼 (lǎoyòu)
- 老幼咸宜
- 育幼院 (yùyòuyuàn)
- 自幼 (zìyòu)
- 荒幼
- 負老提幼 / 负老提幼
- 負老攜幼 / 负老携幼
- 長幼 / 长幼 (zhǎngyòu)
- 長幼尊卑 / 长幼尊卑 (zhǎngyòuzūnbēi)
- 長幼有序 / 长幼有序
Pronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yào
- Wade–Giles: yao4
- Yale: yàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit幼
References
edit- “幼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 冯爱珍 [Feng, Aizhen], editor (1998), “幼”, in 福州方言词典 [Dictionary of the Fuzhou Dialect] (in Chinese), Nanjing: 江苏教育出版社 (Jiangsu Educational Press), →ISBN, page 203.
Japanese
editKanji
edit幼
Readings
edit- Go-on: ゆう (yū)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan-on: ゆう (yū)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)←えう (eu, historical)
- Kun: おさない (osanai, 幼い, Jōyō)←をさない (wosanai, 幼い, historical)、いとけない (itokenai, 幼けない)、おさなびる (osanabiru, 幼びる)
- Nanori: わか (waka)
Compounds
editCompounds
- 幼芽 (yōga, “plumule”)
- 幼孩 (yōgai)
- 幼学 (yōgaku)
- 幼魚 (yōgyo, “young fish”)
- 幼君 (yōkun, “young master”)
- 幼形 (yōkei, “neoteny”)
- 幼孤 (yōko, “young orphan”)
- 幼根 (yōkon, “(botany) radicle”)
- 幼児 (yōji, “infant, toddler”)
- 幼時 (yōji, “childhood, infancy”)
- 幼歯 (yōshi, “baby tooth”)
- 幼者 (yōsha, “young child, infant”)
- 幼弱 (yōjaku, “young and weak”)
- 幼若 (yōjaku, “juvenile”)
- 幼主 (yōshu, “young monarch”)
- 幼獣 (yōjū, “young animal”)
- 幼女 (yōjo, “young girl”)
- 幼少 (yōshō, “very young, infancy”)
- 幼生 (yōsei, “larva”)
- 幼稚 (yōchi, “childish; infantile”)
- 幼冲 (yōchū), 幼沖 (yōchū)
- 幼虫 (yōchū, “larva”)
- 幼鳥 (yōchō, “chick”)
- 幼帝 (yōtei, “young emperor”)
- 幼童 (yōdō, “young child”)
- 幼年 (yōnen, “childhood”)
- 幼保 (yōho)
- 幼木 (yōboku)
- 幼齢林 (yōreirin)
- 幼名 (yōmyō, “childhood name”), 幼名 (yōmei)
- 長幼 (chōyō, “the young and the old”)
- 童幼 (dōyō)
- 老幼 (rōyō, “the young and the old”)
- 幼気 (itaike, “young and sweet”)
Etymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幼 |
| よう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |
*/jiɪu/ → /jieu/ → /jeu/ → /joː/
From Middle Chinese 幼 (MC 'jiwH).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editEtymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幼 |
| おさな Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
/wosana/ → /osana/
Stem of classical verb 幼し (osanashi),[1][2] modern 幼い (osanai, “childish, infantile”).
Noun
editDerived terms
editDerived terms
Etymology 3
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幼 |
| いと Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun
editDerived terms
editPrefix
editDerived terms
edit- 幼宮 (itomiya)
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 幼 (MC 'jiwH).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅲᇢ〮 (Yale: qyuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 유〯 (yǔ) (Yale: yu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
edit
Compounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading いう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ゆう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading いう
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading えう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おさな・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading をさな・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いと・けない
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おさな・びる
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