庚

庚 U+5E9A, 庚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E9A ← 庙 [U+5E99] CJK Unified Ideographs 庛 → [U+5E9B]

Translingual

Han character

庚 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈中人 (ILO), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广⿻コ大)

Derived characters

• 唐

See also

• 康

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 344, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9278
• Dae Jaweon: page 654, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 879, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5E9A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		庚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 庚
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a flail and a threshing device. See also 康 and 唐. Unrelated to ⺕ (i.e., there is no stylized hand inside the character).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gēng (geng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gen¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): gien¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâng

  (Hailu, HRS): gang^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gang¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): geng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): gĕng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ga¹ / gaⁿ¹ / geng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): keⁿ / kiⁿ / keng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kan
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: geng
    • Wade–Giles: kêng¹
    • Yale: gēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
    • Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gen¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: geng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gien¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâng
    • Hakka Romanization System: gang^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kaŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gang^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kaŋ⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kaŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: geng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kəŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ga¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gaⁿ¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã⁵³³/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: geng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛŋ⁵³³/

Note: ga1/gaⁿ1 - vernacular, geng1 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ / kiⁿ / keng
    • Tâi-lô: kenn / kinn / keng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvef, kvy, kefng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kẽ³³/, /kĩ³³/, /kiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note: keⁿ, kiⁿ - vernacular, keng - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gên¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kan
    • MiniDict: kan^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kã⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaeng

Rime
Character	庚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古行切
Baxter	kaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ/
English	7th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庚
Reading #	1/1
No.	3978
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	庚
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋ/

Definitions

庚

1. age
2. the seventh of the ten heavenly stems
3. a surname

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁 (dīng), 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)}

Compounds

• 倉庚 / 仓庚 (cānggēng)
• 同庚 (tónggēng)
• 呼庚呼癸
• 守庚申
• 定庚
• 尊庚 (zūngēng)
• 年庚
• 庚信
• 庚子之役
• 庚子拳亂 / 庚子拳乱
• 庚子賠款 / 庚子赔款
• 庚帖 (gēngtiě)
• 庚癸
• 庚癸之呼
• 庚辛
• 庚郵 / 庚邮
• 武庚
• 貴庚 / 贵庚 (guìgēng)
• 長庚 / 长庚 (chánggēng)

 

Descendants

• → Zhuang: geng

References

• “Entry #3886”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

庚

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: かのえ (kanoe, 庚)
• Nanori: かのえ (kanoe)、き (ki)、みち (michi)、やす (yasu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
庚
こう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 庚 (kæng).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

• Homophones: 鸛, 公, 爻, 功, 巧, 甲, 交, 行, 劫, 孝, 更, 抗, 効, 幸, 侯, 紅, 香, 候, 校, 貢, 項, 項, 綱, 稿, 蝗, 蝗, 薨, 講, 恋う, 請う, 乞う, 恍, 皎, 斯う

Proper noun

庚(こう) • (Kō) 

1. the seventh of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
庚
かのえ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かのえ [kànóé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠no̞e̞]

Proper noun

庚(かのえ) • (Kanoe) 

1. the seventh of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean

Hanja

庚 (eumhun 별 경 (byeol gyeong))

1. hanja form^? of 경 (“star”)

Vietnamese

Han character

庚: Hán Nôm readings: canh

1. chữ Hán form of Canh (“seventh of the ten heavenly stems”).

   Hypernyms: 天干, 十干

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds

• 庚午 (Canh Ngọ)
• 庚子 (Canh Tý)
• 庚寅 (Canh Dần)
• 庚戌 (Canh Tuất)
• 庚申 (Canh Thân)
• 庚辰 (Canh Thìn)