怯

怯 U+602F, 怯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-602F ← 怮 [U+602E] CJK Unified Ideographs 怰 → [U+6030]

Translingual

Han character

怯 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心土戈 (PGI), four-corner 9403₁, composition ⿰忄去)

Derived characters

• 𠵐, 𢯖, 𨨤, 𢝍

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 382, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10491
• Dae Jaweon: page 712, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2283, character 6
• Unihan data for U+602F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怯
alternative forms		㤼 㹤 𰡅 㥘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 怯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
佉	*kʰal
呿	*kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab
抾	*kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆	*kaʔ, *kʰaʔ
祛	*kʰa
袪	*kʰa
阹	*kʰa
胠	*kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab
魼	*kʰa, *kʰl'aːb
去	*kʰaʔ, *kʰas
麮	*kʰaʔ, *kʰas
鼁	*kʰas
砝	*kaːb, *kab
劫	*kab, *kab
鉣	*kab
蜐	*kab, *kab
怯	*kʰab

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiè, què

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ, ㄑㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hip³
• Northern Min (KCR): kiĕ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiab⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
    • Wade–Giles: chʻieh⁴
    • Yale: chyè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
    • Palladius: це (ce)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: què
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
    • Wade–Giles: chʻüeh⁴
    • Yale: chywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
    • Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hip³
    • Yale: hip
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: hib³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap
    • Tâi-lô: khiap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiab
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiap̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiab⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiap
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiap̚²/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 怯
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰie⁵¹/ /t͡ɕʰye⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰiɛ⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰie⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiə²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰie²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰieʔ²¹/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiap̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hip̚³/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰiap̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰiɛʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰiap̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiap̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjaep

Rime
Character	怯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	業 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去劫切
Baxter	khjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨap̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiap̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɐp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hip3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰab/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怯
Reading #	1/1
No.	10698
Phonetic component	去
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	怯
Old Chinese	/*kʰab/
Notes	說文同㹤

Definitions

怯

1. timid; cowardly
   • 2013 August 15, Dante Lam, 激戰 [jīzhàn, Unbeatable], spoken by 程輝 [Ching Fai] (Nick Cheung Ka Fai), Bona Film Group:

     行得上臺你就唔好怯喇，怯，你就輸成世。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     行得上台你就唔好怯喇，怯，你就输成世。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     haang⁴ dak¹ soeng⁵ toi⁴ nei⁵ zau⁶ m⁴ hou² hip³ laa³, hip³, nei⁵ zau⁶ syu¹ seng⁴ sai³. [Jyutping]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to fear; to be afraid of

   怯場／怯场  ―  qièchǎng  ―  to suffer from stage fright

   • 黃花不怯西風冷，只怕詩人兩鬢霜。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     黄花不怯西风冷，只怕诗人两鬓霜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 12th—13th century, Xin Qiji, 鷓鴣天·翰墨諸君久擅場

     Huánghuā bù qiè xīfēng lěng, zhǐ pà shīrén liǎng bìn shuāng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (dialectal) vulgar; tawdry
4. weak; feeble

Compounds

• 三好兩怯 / 三好两怯
• 不怯氣 / 不怯气
• 劣怯
• 勞怯 / 劳怯
• 卑怯 (bēiqiè)
• 喬怯 / 乔怯
• 大勇若怯
• 嬌怯 / 娇怯
• 嬌怯怯 / 娇怯怯
• 寒怯
• 小怯大勇
• 弱怯怯
• 心怯 (xīnqiè)
• 怯上
• 怯口 (quèkǒu)
• 怯場 / 怯场
• 怯夫 (qièfū)
• 怯床
• 怯弱 (qièruò)
• 怯怯
• 怯怯喬喬 / 怯怯乔乔
• 怯怯羞羞
• 怯憐戶 / 怯怜户
• 怯懦 (qiènuò)
• 怯死
• 怯殼兒 / 怯壳儿
• 怯生 (qièshēng)
• 怯生生
• 怯症
• 怯禮 / 怯礼
• 怯聲怯氣 / 怯声怯气
• 怯話 / 怯话
• 怯陣 / 怯阵
• 怯頭怯惱 / 怯头怯恼
• 恇怯
• 情怯
• 懼怯 / 惧怯 (jùquè)
• 畏怯 (wèiqiè)
• 瘦怯怯
• 羞怯 (xiūqiè)
• 羞怯怯
• 脆怯
• 膽怯 / 胆怯 (dǎnqiè)
• 臨死不怯 / 临死不怯
• 薄怯
• 薄怯怯
• 薄薄怯怯
• 虛怯 / 虚怯
• 軟怯怯 / 软怯怯
• 近鄉情怯 / 近乡情怯
• 退怯怯
• 露怯 (lòuqiè)
• 餒怯 / 馁怯

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (怯):

• → Vietnamese: khiếp (怯)

References

• “Query for 怯”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

怯

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to be scared, to be frightened
2. timid; cowardly

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
• Kun: おびえる (obieru, 怯る)、おじける (ojikeru, 怯じける)、おそれる (osoreru, 怯れる)、ひるむ (hirumu, 怯む)、よわい (yowai, 怯い)

Compounds

• 怯(きょう)臆(おく) (kyōoku)
• 怯(きょう)悸(き) (kyōki)
• 怯(きょう)者(しゃ) (kyōsha)
• 怯(きょう)弱(じゃく) (kyōjaku)
• 怯(きょう)懦(だ) (kyōda)
• 怯(きょう)夫(ふ) (kyōfu)
• 怯(きょ)弱(じゃく) (kyojaku)
• 卑(ひ)怯(きょう) (hikyō)
• 勇(ゆう)怯(きょう) (yūkyō)

 

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 怯 (MC khjaep).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʌ̹p̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [겁]

Hanja

Wikisource

怯 (eumhun 겁(怯)낼 겁 (geomnael geop))

1. fear, fright

Compounds

• 겁나 (怯懦, geomna)
• 겁눌 (怯訥, geomnul)
• 겁렬 (怯劣, geomnyeol)
• 겁부 (怯夫, geopbu)
• 겁설 (怯薛, geopseol)
• 겁성 (怯聲, geopseong)
• 겁심 (怯心, geopsim)
• 겁약 (怯弱, geobyak)
• 겁의 (怯疑, geobui)
• 겁침 (怯鍼, geopchim)
• 겁타 (怯惰, geopta)
• 겁포 (怯怖, geop'po)
• 겁협 (怯脅, geophyeop)
• 경겁 (驚怯, gyeonggeop)
• 공겁 (恐怯, gonggeop)
• 과겁 (過怯, gwageop)
• 기겁 (氣怯, gigeop)
• 나겁 (愞怯, nageop)
• 나겁 (懦怯, nageop)
• 노겁 (老怯, nogeop)
• 다겁 (多怯, dageop)
• 대겁 (大怯, daegeop)
• 무겁 (無怯／無㥘, mugeop)
• 비겁 (卑怯, bigeop)
• 생겁 (生怯, saenggeop)
• 식겁 (食怯, sikgeop)
• 신겁 (腎怯, sin'geop)
• 심겁 (心怯, simgeop)
• 여겁 (餘怯, yeogeop)
• 외겁 (畏怯, oegeop)
• 자겁 (自怯, jageop)
• 취겁 (脆怯, chwigeop)
• 파겁 (破怯, pageop)
• 허겁 (虛怯, heogeop)
• 혼겁 (魂怯, hon'geop)
• 황겁 (惶怯, hwanggeop)
• 끽겁 (喫怯, kkikgeop)

 

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 怯

Vietnamese

Han character

怯: Hán Nôm readings: khiếp, khép

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