惟

惟	U+60DF, 惟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60DF

Translingual

Han character

惟 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心人土 (POG), four-corner 9001₄, composition ⿰忄隹)

Derived characters

𣻰, 𮆄, 𪠕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 391, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10820
Dae Jaweon: page 726, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2316, character 3
Unihan data for U+60DF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		惟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
匯	ɢʷrɯːlʔ, kʰʷriːl
擓	*kʰʷriːl
淮	*ɡʷriːl
睢	qʰʷel, sqʰʷil, qʰʷi, qʰʷils
嶉	*sqʷi
趡	*skʰʷilʔ
踓	skʰʷilʔ, ɢʷilʔ
雖	*sqʰʷi
濉	*sqʰʷi
倠	*qʰʷi
婎	qʰʷil, qʰʷils
蓶	ɢʷi, ɢʷiʔ
維	*ɢʷi
惟	*ɢʷi
唯	ɢʷi, ɢʷiʔ
濰	*ɢʷi
琟	*ɢʷil
鷕	ɢʷiʔ, ɢʷiʔ
帷	*ɢʷril
鵻	sɢʷinʔ, tjul

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wéi (wei²)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): î / ûi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
  - Wade–Giles: wei²
  - Yale: wéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wai⁴
  - Yale: wàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
  - Tâi-lô: î
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /i²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
  - Tâi-lô: uî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/

Note: î - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 惟
Mandarin	Beijing	/uei³⁵/
	Harbin	/uei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/vei⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/vei⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ve⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/uei⁵³/
	Xi'an	/vi²⁴/
	Xining	/uɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/vei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/vei⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/vei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/uei²¹³/
	Chengdu	/uei³¹/
	Guiyang	/uei²¹/
	Kunming	/uei³¹/
	Nanjing	/uəi²⁴/
	Hefei	/ue⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/uei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uei¹³/
	Hohhot	/vei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/vi²³/
	Suzhou	/vi¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦui²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ue⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ue⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/uei¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uəi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ui⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/vi¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/vui¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐi²¹/
	Nanning	/wɐi²¹/
	Hong Kong	/wɐi²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ui³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/mi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/y²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zui⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/vui³¹/

Middle Chinese: ywij

Rime
Character	惟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以追切
Baxter	ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/juɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwi/
Li Rong	/ui/
Wang Li	/jwi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/wi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷij/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷi/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ ywij ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷij/
English	(copula); namely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惟
Reading #	1/1
No.	12853
Phonetic component	唯
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	惟
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷi/

Definitions

惟

but; however; nevertheless
only
to think; to contemplate
- 於是吳王穆然，俛而深惟，仰而泣下交頤。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  于是吴王穆然，俯而深惟，仰而泣下交颐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: circa 102~97 BCE, Dongfang Shuo, 《非有先生論》, translated by Burton Watson
  Yúshì Wú wáng mùrán, fǔ ér shēn wéi, yǎng ér qì xià jiāo yí. [Pinyin]
  The king of Wu fell silent, his head bowed in deep thought. Then he looked up, the streams of tears coursing down his cheeks.
- 惟古昔以懷今兮，心徘徊以躊躇。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  惟古昔以怀今兮，心徘徊以踌躇。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: circa 272, Xiang Xiu, 《思舊賦》, translated by Burton Watson
  Wéi gǔxī yǐ huái jīn xī, xīn páihuái yǐ chóuchú. [Pinyin]
  Thought of the past and those I longed for,
  My heart restless, my steps unsure.
^† Alternative form of 唯 (“to be”)
^† (alt. form 維／维, 唯) meaningless sentence-initial particle
a surname

Compounds

References

“惟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

惟

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

consider
reflect
think

Readings

Go-on: ゆい (yui)
Kan-on: い (i)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
Kun: おもうに (omouni, 惟うに)、おもんみる (omonmiru, 惟んみる)、これ (kore)
Nanori: よし (yoshi)、のぶ (nobu)、ただ (tada)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
惟
これ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 惟 – see the following entry.

【これ】

[pronoun] this

[pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker)

[pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)

[pronoun] (archaic) I; me

[pronoun] (archaic) you

[pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 是, 之, 惟, etc.) Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.

Alternative spellings
此れ, 是, 之, 維

(This term, 惟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

惟 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

惟: Hán Nôm readings: duy

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