意

Translingual

Stroke order

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10921
Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2323, character 3
Unihan data for U+610F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		意
2nd round simp.		𰐺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 意
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
噫	qrɯːɡs, qɯ
譩	qɯ, qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	qɯʔ, qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Modern form is a compound of 音 and 心 (“heart”). However, the top component is etymologically unrelated to 音. According to Lin (1920), 𠶷 (a compound of 言 and 中) found in bronze inscriptions is the same character as 意 (yì).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yi¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi

(Meixian, Guangdong): yi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): i³
Northern Min (KCR): i̿
Eastern Min (BUC): é
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ì

(Teochew, Peng'im): i³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵i; ¹i
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ji³
  - Yale: yi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ji³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: i³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /i⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: é
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì
  - Tâi-lô: ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /i²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: i³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵i; ¹i
  - MiniDict: i^去; i^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i; ¹i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/, /i⁵³/

Note: 1i - only in 意思.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: i⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'iH

Rime
Character	意
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於記切
Baxter	'iH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiə^H/
Wang Li	/ĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	意
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək-s/
English	thought (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	意
Reading #	1/1
No.	15153
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	意
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡs/

Definitions

意

wish; desire; intention
好意 ― hǎoyì ― good intention; kindness

隨意／随意 ― suíyì ― as one pleases; at will
meaning; sense
詞不達意／词不达意 ― cíbùdáyì ― the words fail to convey the meaning
to anticipate; to expect
意外 ― yìwài ― unexpected

出其不意 ― chūqíbùyì ― to take somebody by surprise
(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Short for 意大利 (Yìdàlì, “Italy; Italian”).
意政府 ― yì zhèngfǔ ― Italian government

赴意 ― fù yì ― (formal) to go to Italy

訪意／访意 ― fǎng yì ― (formal) to visit Italy
(Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 意粉 (ji3 fan2, “spaghetti”).
乾炒叉燒意／干炒叉烧意 [Cantonese] ― gon¹ caau² caa¹ siu¹ ji³ [Jyutping] ― fried spaghetti with barbecue pork

Synonyms

edit

意國 / 意国 (yìguó) (Mainland China, Hong Kong, short form)
意大利 (Yìdàlì) (Mainland China, Hong Kong)
意大利亞 / 意大利亚 (Yìdàlìyà) (historical)
意大里亞 (Yìdàlǐyà) (historical)
義 / 义 (yì) (Taiwan, abbreviation)
義國 / 义国 (yìguó) (Taiwan, short form)
義大利 / 义大利 (Yìdàlì) (Taiwan)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (意):

→ Japanese: 意(い) (i)
→ Korean: 의(意) (ui)
→ Vietnamese: ý (意)

References

“意”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	意
Kyūjitai ^[1]	意󠄁 意+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	意󠄃 意+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

意

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)
Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
Kun: おもい (omoi, 意い)^{←おもひ (omofi, 意ひ, historical)}、おもう (omou, 意う)^{←おもふ (omofu, 意ふ, historical)}、こころ (kokoro, 意)、そもそも (somosomo)
Nanori: お (o)、おき (oki)、おさ (osa)、のり (nori)、むね (mune)、もと (moto)、よし (yoshi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
意
い Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 意 (MC 'iH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) い [íꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [i]

Noun

意(い) • (i)

thoughts; feelings
intent; meaning; goodwill

Affix

意(い) • (i)

mind; idea; thought; feeling; intention
meaning

Derived terms

悪(あく)意(い) (akui): evil intent, malice
意(い)外(がい) (igai):unexpected
意(い)気(き) (iki): spirit
意(い)気(き)込(ご)み (ikigomi)
意(い)気(き)消(しょう)沈(ちん) (ikishōchin)
意(い)気(き)衝(しょう)天(てん) (ikishōten)
意(い)気(き)阻(そ)喪(そう) (ikisosō)
意(い)気(く)地(じ) (ikuji)
意(い)気(き)投(とう)合(ごう) (ikitōgō)
意(い)気(き)揚(よう)揚(よう) (ikiyōyō)
意(い)見(けん) (iken): opinion
意(い)固(こ)地(じ) (ikoji)
意(い)向(こう) (ikō)
意(い)志(し) (ishi): will, intent
意(い)思(し) (ishi)
意(い)思(し)能(のう)力(りょく) (ishinōryoku)
意(い)識(しき) (ishiki)
意(い)趣(しゅ) (ishu)
意(い)趣(しゅ)返(がえ)し (ishugaeshi)
意(い)匠(しょう) (ishō)
意(い)図(と) (ito)
意(い)表(ひょう) (ihyō)
意(い)味(み) (imi): meaning, significance
意(い)味(み)深(しん)長(ちょう) (imishinchō)
意(い)欲(よく) (iyoku)
願(がん)意(い) (gan'i)
敬(けい)意(い) (keī)
決(けつ)意(い) (ketsui)
故(こ)意(い) (koi)
故(こ)意(い)犯(はん) (koihan)
合(ごう)意(い) (gōi)
賛(さん)意(い) (san'i)
宿(しゅく)意(い) (shukui)
真(しん)意(い) (shin'i)
随(ずい)意(い) (zuī)
生(なま)意(い)気(き) (namaiki): cheeky
誠(せい)意(い) (seī)
戦(せん)意(い) (sen'i)
善(ぜん)意(い) (zen'i)
総(そう)意(い) (sōi)
大(たい)意(い) (taī)
注(ちゅう)意(い) (chūi): caution, beware
当(とう)意(い)即(そく)妙(みょう) (tōisokumyō)
同(どう)意(い) (dōi): same intention
得(とく)意(い) (tokui)
熱(ねつ)意(い) (netsui)
表(ひょう)意(い) (hyōi)
片(かた)意(い)地(じ) (kataiji)
無(む)意(い)味(み) (muimi): meaningless, insignificant
用(よう)意(い) (yōi)
留(りゅう)意(い) (ryūi)

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 882 (paper), page 491 (digital)
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 意 (MC 'iH).

Hanja

意 (eumhun 뜻 의 (tteut ui))

hanja form^? of 의 (“meaning”)

Compounds

意氣 (의기, uigi) spirit, vigor
意圖 (의도, uido) intention, design
意味 (의미, uimi) meaning, significance
意思 (의사, uisa) intention
意識 (의식, uisig, -sik) consciousness
意譯 (의역, uiyeog, -yeok) liberal translation
意外 (의외, uioe) exception
意慾 (의욕, uiyog, -yok) will, willingness, volition
意義 (의의, uiui) significance
意匠 (의장, uijang) design
意中 (의중, uijung) mind, view
意志 (의지, uiji) will, intention, volition
意表 (의표, uipyo) surprise
意向 (의향, uihyang) willingness, inclination, view
表意 (표의, pyoui) ideographic or semantic (in contrast to phonetic) representation. cf. 表音 (표음, pyoeum)
意見 (의견, uikeon) opinion

Etymology 2

Hanja

意 (eumhun 기억할 억 (gieokhal eok))

(obsolete) Alternative form of 憶 (“hanja form^? of 억 (“remember”)”)

Etymology 3

Hanja

意 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui))

(obsolete) Alternative form of 噫 (“hanja form^? of 희 (“sigh”)”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

意: Hán Nôm readings: ý, ấy, ới, áy, ư, ơi

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 882 (paper), page 491 (digital)

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

意

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Affix

Derived terms

References

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

Compounds

See also

Etymology 2

Hanja

Etymology 3

Hanja

References

Vietnamese

Han character