懦

懦 U+61E6, 懦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61E6 ← 懥 [U+61E5] CJK Unified Ideographs 懧 → [U+61E7]

Translingual

Han character

懦 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 心一月月 (PMBB), four-corner 9102₇, composition ⿰忄需)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 407, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11390
• Dae Jaweon: page 748, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2364, character 19
• Unihan data for U+61E6

Chinese

trad.		懦
simp. #		懦
alternative forms		㐡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 懦
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (需) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
羺	*noː
獳	*noː
擩	*noːs, *njoʔ, *njos, *njul, *njod
譳	*noːs
懦	*noːls, *njo
糯	*noːls
需	*sno
繻	*sno, *njo
鑐	*sno
儒	*njo
濡	*njo, *noːn
襦	*njo
嚅	*njo
顬	*njo
鱬	*njo
嬬	*njo
臑	*njo
醹	*njo, *njoʔ
蠕	*njo
孺	*njos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːls, *njo) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).

Etymology

Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nuò (nuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): no⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): nǒ͘ / nō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): no³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nuò
    • Wade–Giles: no⁴
    • Yale: nwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuoh
    • Palladius: но (no)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: no⁶
    • Yale: noh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: no⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: no⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǒ͘
    • Tâi-lô: nǒo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nō͘
    • Tâi-lô: nōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: no
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: no³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nò
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /no²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyu

Rime
Character	懦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	人朱切
Baxter	nyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆/
Li Rong	/ȵio/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*noːls/, /*njo/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懦	懦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13964	13974
Phonetic component	需	需
Rime group	歌	侯
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime		儒
Old Chinese	/*noːls/	/*njo/

Definitions

懦

1. ^⁜ cowardly; weak

   Synonym: 懦弱 (nuòruò)

2. ^† soft

Compounds

• 廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
• 怯懦 (qiènuò)
• 愚懦
• 懦夫 (nuòfū)
• 懦弱 (nuòruò)
• 懦愚
• 懦鈍 / 懦钝
• 懦響 / 懦响
• 柔懦
• 柔懦寡斷 / 柔懦寡断
• 柔糯
• 選懦 / 选懦
• 闒懦 / 阘懦
• 頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立

 

Japanese

Kanji

懦

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: な (na)、にゅう (nyū)
• Kan-on: じゅ (ju)、だ (da)
• Kun: よわい (yowai, 懦い)

Korean

Hanja

懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

懦: Hán Nôm readings: nhụa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.