Chinese

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actually; place; (nominalization prefix)
to use; according to; so as to
to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)
 
trad. (所以)
simp. #(所以)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (21) (36)
Final () (22) (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter srjoX yiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃɨʌX/ /jɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃiɔX/ /jɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃiɔX/ /ieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂɨə̆X/ /jɨX/
Li
Rong
/ʃiɔX/ /iəX/
Wang
Li
/ʃĭoX/ /jĭəX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʂi̯woX/ /iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
so2 ji5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
suǒ
Middle
Chinese
‹ srjoX › ‹ yiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-qʰ<r>aʔ/ /*ləʔ/
English place (n.); that which take, use

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5306 14929
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sqʰraʔ/ /*lɯʔ/

Conjunction

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所以

  1. therefore; so; consequently
    明天考試所以今天家裡複習功課 [MSC, trad.]
    明天考试所以今天家里复习功课 [MSC, simp.]
    Míngtiān yào kǎoshì le, suǒyǐ wǒ jīntiān zhǐ néng liú zài jiālǐ fùxí gōngkè. [Pinyin]
    I have a test tomorrow, so I have to stay at home today and review my homework.
    南方人所以張口說話帶有南方口音 [MSC, trad.]
    南方人所以张口说话带有南方口音 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì nánfāngrén, suǒyǐ yī zhāngkǒu shuōhuà jiù dàiyǒu nánfāng kǒuyīn. [Pinyin]
    He is from the South, so when he opens his mouth to speak, you can hear his Southern accent.
    今天奶奶生辰所以不可 [MSC, trad.]
    今天奶奶生辰所以不可 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīntiān shì nǐ nǎinai de shēngchén, suǒyǐ nǐ fēi lái bùkě. [Pinyin]
    It's your grandma's birthday today, so you've got to attend.
  2. Used in the first part of a sentence to indicate a reason that will be explained in the second part of the sentence.
    所以反對這個計畫因為覺得其中不少疏漏 [MSC, trad.]
    所以反对这个计画因为觉得其中不少疏漏 [MSC, simp.]
    suǒyǐ yào fǎnduì zhège jìhuà, shì yīnwèi wǒ juéde qízhōng yǒu bùshào shūlòu. [Pinyin]
    My reason for opposing this plan, is because I feel that there are quite a few holes in it.

Synonyms

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  • (therefore):

Pronoun

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所以

  1. (literary) the means (literally, "what one uses") by which; how
  2. (literary) the manner in which; how
  3. (literary) the reason why; why
    所以  ―  suǒyǐrán  ―  the reason why it is what it is
    所以  ―  zhīsuǒyǐ  ―  the reason why (chiefly used between subject and predicate)

Noun

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所以

  1. (literary) proper behaviour; manners
    忘乎所以  ―  wànghūsuǒyǐ  ―  to lose self-control (literally, "to forget how one should conduct oneself")

Derived terms

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References

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  • 蔡俊明 [Cai Junming], editor (1991), “所以 so˥˧꜔꜒ i~˥˧꜕꜖”, in 潮州方言詞滙 / 潮州方言词滙 (Cháozhōu fāngyán cíhuì), 香港 [Hong Kong]: 香港中文大學 / 香港中文大学 [The Chinese University of Hong Kong]

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
ゆえん
Grade: 3 Grade: 4
jukujikun

Etymology

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Shift from ゆえになり (yue ni nari)ゆえんなり (yue n nari)ゆえん (yue-n). See ゆえ (yue).[1][2][3] The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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所以(ゆえん) (yuenゆゑん (yuwen)?

  1. reason, grounds

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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