拓

拓	U+62D3, 拓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D3

拓	U+FA02, 拓 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA02

← 度
[U+FA01]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

糖 →
[U+FA03]

Translingual

Han character

拓 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一口 (QMR), four-corner 5106₀, composition ⿰扌石)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 425, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11958
Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1849, character 6
Unihan data for U+62D3

Unihan data for U+FA02

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
柘	*tjaɡs
妬	*taːɡs
蠹	*taːɡs
沰	taːɡ, tʰaːɡ
拓	tʰaːɡ, tjaɡ
橐	*tʰaːɡ
袥	*tʰaːɡ
驝	tʰaːɡ, raːɡ
斫	*tjaɡ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔	*rtaːɡ
跖	*tjaɡ
石	*djaɡ
碩	*djaɡ
祏	*djaɡ
鉐	*djaɡ
鼫	*djaɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ).

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-t(j)ak (“upper surface, top, above, palate; to climb, lift, ascend”) (STEDT). See Burmese တက် (tak, “to climb up, get in a vehicle”) for more cognates.

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		柝 “to open up”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
  - Yale: twò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tok³
  - Yale: tok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thok
  - Tâi-lô: thok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: thak

Rime
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他各切
Baxter	thak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
No.	11458
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	託
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/
Notes	見小爾雅

Definitions

拓

to open up; to develop; to expand
to stretch
to push open
a surname

Compounds

拓土開疆／拓土开疆
拓地 (tuòdì)
拓宇
拓寬／拓宽 (tuòkuān)
拓展 (tuòzhǎn)
拓撲／拓扑
拓撲學／拓扑学
拓殖 (tuòzhí)
拓荒 (tuòhuāng)
拓荒者 (tuòhuāngzhě)
拓落
拓落不羈／拓落不羁
拓跋 (Tuòbá)
拓邊／拓边
拓都 (tuòdū)
拓銷／拓销 (tuòxiāo)
落拓 (luòtuò)
落拓不羈／落拓不羁 (luòtuò bùjī)
開拓／开拓 (kāituò)
開拓性／开拓性
開拓者／开拓者 (kāituòzhě)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		搨／拓

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tà (ta⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taap³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻa⁴
  - Yale: tà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
  - Palladius: та (ta)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: taap³
  - Yale: taap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːp̚³/

Definitions

拓

to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)

Synonyms

拓印 (tàyìn)

Compounds

拓印 (tàyìn)
拓本 (tàběn)
拓片 (tàpiàn)
拓碑
魚拓／鱼拓

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		拓

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuō (tuo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo¹
  - Yale: twō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo
  - Palladius: то (to)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

拓

Alternative form of 托 (tuō, “to support with hands; to lift”)

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		黜托 (to poke; to uncover someone's secret)

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thuh

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thuh
  - Tâi-lô: thuh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tuq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰuʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuʔ³²/

Definitions

拓

(Hokkien) to shovel; to level off; to scrape
(Hokkien) shoveling tool; scraping tool
(Hokkien) to push upward or lift with the palms of the hand
(Hokkien) to support; to prop (with a long object)
(Hokkien) to uncover someone's secret or private matter
(Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to compete; to contend for
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to poke with something sharp
(Zhangzhou Hokkien) to refute; to rebut; to contend

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 戳 (“to poke”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		擉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		戳
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	戳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	篤, 㓤
	Macau	篤
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	篤
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	㓤
	Foshan	篤
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	篤
	Foshan (Shunde)	篤
	Foshan (Sanshui)	戳
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	戳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	篤
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	篤
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	篤
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	篤
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	篤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	篤
	Taishan	篤
	Kaiping (Chikan)	篤
	Enping (Niujiang)	篤
	Heshan (Yayao)	戳
	Dongguan	篤
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	㓤
	Nanning	篤
	Yulin	篤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	㓤
Hakka	Meixian	⿰㞘刂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	揰
Southern Min	Xiamen	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Quanzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Jinjiang	鑿
	Zhangzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Tainan	鑿 GT, 揬 GT, 拓 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	鑿
	Shantou	捅
	Puning	𠜙
Wu	Shanghai	戳
	Suzhou	戳
	Wuxi	戳
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(to refute): 反駁／反驳 (fǎnbó)

Compounds

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 拓 – see 摭 (“to pick up; to collect; to gather; to find”). (This character is a variant form of 摭).

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01533
“拓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

拓

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): たく (taku, Jōyō)、せき (seki)
Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 拓く)、ひろう (hirou, 拓う)
Nanori: ひろ (hiro)、ひろし (hiroshi)

Proper noun

拓(たく) • (Taku)

a male given name

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 拓 (MC tsyek).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [척]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

拓

Wikisource

拓 (eumhun 넓힐 척 (neolpil cheok))

hanja form^? of 척 (“to open; to develop; to expand”)

Compounds

개척 (開拓, gaecheok)
간척 (干拓, gancheok, “land reclamation”)
척식 (拓殖/拓植, cheoksik, “colonization”)
척지 (拓地, cheokji)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 拓 (MC thak). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁 (thak)^訓 (Yale: thak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰa̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [탁]

Hanja

拓 (eumhun 박을 탁 (bageul tak))

hanja form^? of 탁 (“to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)”)

Compounds

탁본 (拓本, takbon)
탁발씨 (拓跋氏, takbalssi, “Tuoba”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

拓: Hán Nôm readings: đo, đó, đố, thác

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