指導
See also: 指导
Chinese
editfinger; to point; to direct finger; to point; to direct; to indicate |
to transmit; to lead; to guide to transmit; to lead; to guide; to conduct; to direct | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (指導) | 指 | 導 | |
simp. (指导) | 指 | 导 |
Etymology
editAttested earliest in a memorial submitted to Emperor Xuan of Han by Lu Wenshu, then quoted in Xun Yue's 《前漢紀》 (Annals of the Former Han) (translation from Friedman, 2023[1]):
- 捶楚之下,何求⽽不得。故囚⼈不勝痛,則飾辭以示⼈。吏治者利其然,則指導以明之;…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 73 BCE, Lu Wenshu (路溫舒), memorial submitted to Emperor Xuan of Han (漢宣帝); quoted in late 2nd - early 3rd century CE 《前漢紀》 (Annals of the Former Han) by 荀悅 (Xun Yue)
- Chuíchǔ zhī xià, hé qiú ér bùdé. Gù qiúrén bù shèng tòng, zé shìcí yǐ shì rén. Lìzhì zhě lì qí rán, zé zhǐdǎo yǐ míng zhī;...... [Pinyin]
- Under blows of the switch, anything sought will be found. So when those in prison cannot bear the pain, then they embellish the confessions that will be made public. Officials in charge of cases profit from this fact, and thus lead prisoners on to make their statements clear. [...]
捶楚之下,何求⽽不得。故囚⼈不胜痛,则饰辞以示⼈。吏治者利其然,则指导以明之;…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄉㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhdǎo
- Wade–Giles: chih3-tao3
- Yale: jř-dǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyydao
- Palladius: чжидао (čžidao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi2 dou6
- Yale: jí douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2 dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2 dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵ tou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́-thô
- Hakka Romanization System: ziiˋ toˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi3 to1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹ tʰo²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
Verb
edit指導
- to guide; to give direction; to steer; to instruct; to coach
Synonyms
edit- 主導 / 主导 (zhǔdǎo)
- 嚮導 / 向导 (xiàngdǎo)
- 帶等 / 带等 (Taiwanese Hakka)
- 帶緊 / 带紧 (Zhao'an Hakka)
- 帶領 / 带领 (dàilǐng)
- 引入 (yǐnrù)
- 引向 (yǐnxiàng)
- 引導 / 引导 (yǐndǎo)
- 引𤆬 (Hokkien)
- 引領 / 引领 (yǐnlǐng)
- 指引 (zhǐyǐn)
- 指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
- 指揮 / 指挥 (zhǐhuī)
- 指示 (zhǐshì)
- 指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
- 率領 / 率领 (shuàilǐng)
- 疏導 / 疏导 (shūdǎo) (through persuasion)
- 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
- 統率 / 统率 (tǒngshuài)
- 統領 / 统领 (tǒnglǐng)
- 董督 (dǒngdū) (literary)
- 誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
- 誘導 / 诱导 (yòudǎo)
- 領導 / 领导 (lǐngdǎo)
- 點厾 / 点厾 (Hokkien)
- 點撥 / 点拨 (diǎnbō) (informal)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editNoun
edit指導
Synonyms
editReferences
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
指 | 導 |
し Grade: 3 |
どう Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
editVerb
edit指導する • (shidō suru) ←しだう (sidau)?transitive suru (stem 指導し (shidō shi), past 指導した (shidō shita))
Conjugation
editConjugation of "指導する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 指導し | しどうし | shidō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 指導し | しどうし | shidō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 指導する | しどうする | shidō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 指導する | しどうする | shidō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 指導すれ | しどうすれ | shidō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 指導せよ¹ 指導しろ² |
しどうせよ¹ しどうしろ² |
shidō seyo¹ shidō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 指導される | しどうされる | shidō sareru | |
Causative | 指導させる 指導さす |
しどうさせる しどうさす |
shidō saseru shidō sasu | |
Potential | 指導できる | しどうできる | shidō dekiru | |
Volitional | 指導しよう | しどうしよう | shidō shiyō | |
Negative | 指導しない | しどうしない | shidō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 指導せず | しどうせず | shidō sezu | |
Formal | 指導します | しどうします | shidō shimasu | |
Perfective | 指導した | しどうした | shidō shita | |
Conjunctive | 指導して | しどうして | shidō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 指導すれば | しどうすれば | shidō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
指 | 導 |
Noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
指 | 導 |
Verb
edit指導
Categories:
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- Chinese lemmas
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- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:People
- zh:Occupations
- Japanese terms spelled with 指 read as し
- Japanese terms spelled with 導 read as どう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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