明日
See also: 明白
Chinese
editclear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty |
day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (明日) |
明 | 日 | |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ming4 jat6
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang4 nyit6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mìn-ngit
- Southern Min
- Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): 2min-zeq8
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): min2 r6 / min2 nyi6
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): mai2 xi2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄖˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: míngrìh
- Wade–Giles: ming2-jih4
- Yale: míng-r̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingryh
- Palladius: минжи (minži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ming4 jat6
- Yale: mìhng yaht
- Cantonese Pinyin: ming4 jat9
- Guangdong Romanization: ming4 yed6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɪŋ²¹ jɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'miang4 nyit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈmiaŋ³⁵ n̠ʲit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-ngit
- Hakka Romanization System: minˇ ngidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: min2 ngid5
- Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ ŋit̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: miâ-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: mialit
- IPA (Xiamen): /miã²⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /miã²⁴⁻²² lit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: miâ-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: miajit
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /miã¹³⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: bîng-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: bengjit
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³⁻³³ zit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: bîng-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: benglit
- IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Note: bêng-ji̍t/bêng-li̍t - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: muan3 rig8 / ma3 rig8 / mua3 rêg8 / ma3 rêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muàⁿ ji̍k / mà ji̍k / muà je̍k / mà je̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /mũã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zik̚⁴/, /ma²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zik̚⁴/, /mua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zek̚⁴/, /ma²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zek̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- muan3 rig8 - Chaozhou;
- ma3 rig8 - Shantou, Chenghai;
- mua3 rêg8/ma3 rêg8 - Jieyang.
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: min2 r6 / min2 nyi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /min¹³ ʐ̩²⁴/, /min¹³ n̠ʲi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
Note:
- min2 r6 - vernacular;
- min2 nyi6 - literary.
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: mai2 xi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /mai̯¹¹ ʑ̊i¹¹/
- Middle Chinese: mjaeng nyit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ C.nik/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ njiɡ/
Noun
edit明日
- (literary or dialectal) tomorrow
- 醉後來好好走入夢中 明日醒來猶原是一尾活龍 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 謝雷, lyrics by 陳百潭, 酒國英雄
- chùi āu lâi hó-hó kiâⁿ ji̍p bāng-tiong, bêng-li̍t chhíⁿ-lâi iu-goân sī chi̍t bóe oa̍h-liông [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- After getting drunk, [I] will walk well into my dream, and tomorrow, when [I] wake up, [I] am still a lively dragon.
醉后来好好走入梦中 明日醒来犹原是一尾活龙 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- (literary, figurative) future
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editEtymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あした | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
Shift in meaning from 朝 (ashita, “next morning”),[1] itself cognate with 朝 (asa, “morning”).
The kanji spelling is from Chinese 明日 (míngrì).
Pronunciation
edit- (Tokyo) あした [àsh
ítáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[3][4][2] as a noun - (Tokyo) あした [àsh
ítá] (Heiban – [0])[3][2] as an adverb - IPA(key): [a̠ɕi̥ta̠]
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) LLL
- (the Kamakura period) LLL
- (the Muromachi period) HHH
- (the Edo period) HHL or HHH
- ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [2]
Noun
editDerived terms
edit- 明日天気 (ashita tenki)
- 明日葉, 鹹草 (ashitaba, “Angelica keiskei”)
Proverbs
edit- 明日は明日の風が吹く (ashita wa ashita no kaze ga fuku, “tomorrow let tomorrow's winds blow → tomorrow is a new day”)
Proper noun
edit- a female given name
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あす | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
- Possibly a shift from verb 明かす (akasu, “to pass”).
- */akasu/ → */akusu/ → /asu/
- Possibly an apophonic form of or cognate with 朝 (asa, “morning”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 明日 (míngrì).
Pronunciation
edit- (Tokyo) あす [àsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3][4][7][6] as a noun
- (Tokyo) あす [àsú] (Heiban – [0])[3][6] as an adverb
- IPA(key): [a̠sɨ]
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) LL
- (the Edo period) HL
- ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [6]
Noun
edit- (polite) tomorrow
- 1939, Osamu Dazai, Joseito [Schoolgirl][4]:
- 明日もまた、同じ日が来るのだろう。幸福は一生、来ないのだ。それは、わかっている。けれども、きっと来る、あすは来る、と信じて寝るのがいいのでしょう。
- Asu mo mata, onaji hi ga kuru no darō. Kōfuku wa isshō, konai no da. Sore wa, wakatteiru. Keredo mo, kitto kuru, asu wa kuru, to shinjite neru no ga ii no deshō.
- The same day will probably come tomorrow again, just like always. True happiness will never come into my life. I know that. But perhaps it is best to go to sleep believing that it will come, that it will come tomorrow.
- 明日もまた、同じ日が来るのだろう。幸福は一生、来ないのだ。それは、わかっている。けれども、きっと来る、あすは来る、と信じて寝るのがいいのでしょう。
- the near future
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 明日明後日 (asu-asatte)
- 飛鳥, 明日香 (Asuka)
- 明後日 (asatte)
- 明日知らぬ (asu shiranu)
- 翌檜 (asunaro)
- 明日の淵瀬 (asu no fuchise)
- 明日は淵瀬 (asu wa fuchise)
- 明日は檜 (asu wa hinoki)
- 明日は我が身 (asu wa waga mi)
- 明日檜 (asuhi)
- 明日をも知れぬ身 (asu o mo shirenu mi)
- 今日明日 (kyō-asu)
- 今日か明日か (kyō ka asu ka)
- 今日考えて明日語れ (kyō kangaete asu katare)
- 今日の情けは明日の仇 (kyō no nasake wa asu no ada)
- 今日は人の上明日は我が身の上 (kyō wa hito no ue asu wa waga mi no ue)
- 今日も明日も醒め果てる (kyō mo asu mo samehateru)
Proverbs
edit- 明日の事を言えば鬼が笑う (asu no koto o ieba oni ga warau)
- 明日の百より今日の五十 (asu no hyaku yori kyō no gojū)
- 今日あって明日ない身 (kyō atte asu nai mi)
- 今日の一針明日の十針 (kyō no hitohari asu no tohari)
Proper noun
edit- a female given name
Etymology 3
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| みょう Grade: 2 |
にち Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
/mʲau nʲiti/ → /mʲɔːɲit͡ɕi/ → /mʲoːɲit͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese compound 明日 (MC mjaeng nyit).
Pronunciation
edit- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Edo period) LHLL
- ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [8]
Noun
edit明日 • (myōnichi) ←みやうにち (myauniti)?
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| めい Grade: 2 |
じつ Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | |
From a later borrowing of Chinese 明日 (míngrì), using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”).
Rare reading.
Noun
editEtymology 5
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| ぬくい | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| irregular | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あけ Grade: 2 |
ひ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| みょう Grade: 2 |
が Grade: 1 |
| goon | kun'yomi |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| ぬく Grade: 2 |
ひ Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あけ Grade: 2 |
ひ > び Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
Proper noun
edit明日 or 明日 or 明日 or 明日 or 明日 • (Nukui or Akehi or Myōga or Nukuhi or Akebi)
- a surname
Usage notes
editNote that the pronunciation differs depending on register, which also happens for the antonym “yesterday” and the coordinate term “today”. Corresponding in formality to ashita, asu, and myōnichi for “tomorrow” are 昨日 (kinō), 昨日 (kiso, rare), and 昨日 (sakujitsu) for “yesterday”; and きょう (kyō), 今日 (konnichi), and 本日 (honjitsu) for “today”.
Antonyms
editCoordinate terms
edit| 時 (“Time”) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~ | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | Continual | |
| Day | 日 | 一昨昨日 | 一昨日 | 昨日 | 今日 | 明日 | 明後日 | 毎日 |
| Morning | 朝 | — | 一昨朝 | 昨朝 | 今朝 | 明朝 | — | 毎朝 |
| Night | 晩 | — | 一昨晩 | 昨晩 | 今晩 | 明晩 | — | 毎晩 |
| Week | 週 | — | 先々週 | 先週 | 今週 | 来週 | 再来週 | 毎週 |
| Month | 月 | — | 先々月 | 先月 | 今月 | 来月 | 再来月 | 毎月 |
| Year | 年 | 一昨昨年 | 一昨年 | 去年 | 今年 | 来年 | 再来年 | 毎年 |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “あした 【朝・明日】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 “あす 【明日】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 “みょう‐にち［ミャウ‥］ 【明日】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
edit| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
Noun
editOkinawan
editEtymology
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あちゃー | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
Cognate with mainland Japanese 明日 (ashita).
Noun
edit明日 (achā)
Old Japanese
editEtymology
editPossibly from an as- root that is cognate with or from an apophonic form of 朝 (asa, “morning”).
Noun
edit明日 (asu) (kana あす)
- tomorrow
- 711–712, Kojiki, lower volume (Emperor Kenzō; poem 112):
- 意岐米母夜阿布美能於岐米阿須用理波美夜麻賀久理弖美延受加母阿良牟
- Oki1me2 mo2 ya Apumi1 no2 Oki1me2 asu yo1ri pa mi1yama-gakurite mi1yezu ka mo2 aramu
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:明日.
Coordinate terms
editDerived terms
edit- 明日香 (Asuka)
Descendants
edit- Japanese: 明日 (asu)
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 明
- Chinese terms spelled with 日
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Hokkien terms with quotations
- zh:Future
- Japanese terms spelled with 明
- Japanese terms spelled with 日
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese colloquialisms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese polite terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 明 read as みょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 日 read as にち
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese formal terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 明 read as めい
- Japanese terms spelled with 日 read as じつ
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms spelled with 明 read as あけ
- Japanese terms spelled with 日 read as ひ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms spelled with 日 read as が
- Japanese terms read with jūbakoyomi
- Japanese terms with rendaku
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- ja:Future
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese terms with quotations