曏

See also: 向

曏	U+66CF, 曏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66CF

← 曎
[U+66CE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

曐 →
[U+66D0]

Translingual

Han character

曏 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 日女竹中 (AVHL), four-corner 6022₇, composition ⿱日鄉 or ⿱日鄕)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14195
Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1534, character 21
Unihan data for U+66CF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (鄉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
曏	qʰjaŋʔ, qʰjaŋs, qʰaŋʔ, qʰaŋs
鄉	*qʰaŋ
薌	*qʰaŋ
膷	*qʰaŋ
響	*qʰaŋʔ
饗	*qʰaŋʔ
蠁	qʰaŋʔ, qʰaŋs
嚮	qʰaŋʔ, qʰaŋs
卿	*kʰraŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) : semantic 日 + phonetic 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		曏
simp.		向^*
nonstandard simp.		𬁠
alternative forms		𧬰

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàng, xiǎng (xiang⁴, xiang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˋ, ㄒㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàng
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang⁴
  - Yale: syàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianq
  - Palladius: сян (sjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang³
  - Yale: syǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
  - Palladius: сян (sjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hoeng³
  - Yale: heung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: xjangX, xjangH

Rime
Character	曏	曏
Reading #	1/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	許兩切	許亮切
Baxter	xjangX	xjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋ^X/	/hɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋ^X/	/hiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋ^X/	/xiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋ^X/	/hɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/xiaŋ^X/	/xiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋ^X/	/xĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋ^X/	/xi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎng	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng²	hoeng³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥aŋʔ/, /*n̥aŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/, /*qʰaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曏	曏
Reading #	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎng	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjang^X ›	‹ xjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/n̥aŋʔ/ (W dialect: n̥- > MC x-)	/n̥aŋʔ-s/ (W dialect: n̥- > MC x-)
English	a short time	a short time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曏	曏
Reading #	3/4	4/4
No.	13603	13604
Phonetic component	鄉	鄉
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	響	向
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋs/

Definitions

曏

in the near past; in the past; formerly
facing; against

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shǎng (shang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shǎng
  - Wade–Giles: shang³
  - Yale: shǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaang
  - Palladius: шан (šan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/

Middle Chinese: syangX, syangH

Rime
Character	曏	曏
Reading #	2/4	3/4
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	書兩切	式亮切
Baxter	syangX	syangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨɐŋ^X/	/ɕɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɐŋ^X/	/ɕiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɑŋ^X/	/ɕiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨaŋ^X/	/ɕɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiaŋ^X/	/ɕiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaŋ^X/	/ɕĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aŋ^X/	/ɕi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǎng	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng²	soeng³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥aŋʔ/, /*n̥aŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰjaŋʔ/, /*qʰjaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曏	曏
Reading #	1/4	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǎng	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ syang^X ›	‹ syang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥aŋʔ/	/*n̥aŋ-s/
English	a short time	a short time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曏	曏
Reading #	1/4	2/4
No.	13594	13595
Phonetic component	鄉	鄉
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	賞	餉
Old Chinese	/*qʰjaŋʔ/	/*qʰjaŋs/

Definitions

曏

short period of time; alternative form of 晌 (shǎng)

Japanese

Kanji

曏

(Hyōgai kanji)

once upon time
period of time

Readings

On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)、こう (kō)、しょう (shō)
Kun: さきに (sakini)

Korean

Hanja

曏 • (hyang, sang) (hangeul 향, 상, revised hyang, sang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, sang)

Vietnamese

Han character

曏: Hán Nôm readings: hướng

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