朴

See also: 樸

朴 U+6734, 朴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6734 ← 朳 [U+6733] CJK Unified Ideographs 朵 → [U+6735]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

朴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 木卜 (DY), four-corner 4390₀, composition ⿰木卜)

Derived characters

• 𠡙, 𠧭, 烞, 𬇑

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 510, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14428
• Dae Jaweon: page 894, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1154, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6734

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (卜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
仆	*pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
赴	*pʰoɡs
訃	*pʰoɡs
朴	*pʰroːɡ
圤	*pʰroːɡ
卜	*poːɡ
鳪	*poːɡ
扑	*pʰoːɡ
攴	*pʰoːɡ, *pʰroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰroːɡ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卜 (OC *poːɡ).

Officially adopted as the simplified form of 樸 (etymology 6) in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		朴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pò (po⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pok³
• Eastern Min (BUC): páuk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phoh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): poh⁴ / pog⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷phoq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pò
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pò
    • Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
    • Yale: pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
    • Palladius: по (po)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pok³
    • Yale: pok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: pog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːk̚³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: páuk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑuʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoh
    • Tâi-lô: phoh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoiq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰoʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰoʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰoʔ³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰoʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤʔ³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: poh⁴ / pog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phoh / phok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoʔ²/, /pʰok̚²/

Note:

• poh4 - vernacular;
• pog4 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷phoq
    • MiniDict: phoh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴phoq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰoʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: phaewk

Rime
Character	朴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	匹角切
Baxter	phaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/pʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朴
Reading #	1/1
No.	995
Phonetic component	卜
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	璞
Old Chinese	/*pʰroːɡ/
Notes	同樸

Definitions

朴

1. ^† bark of a tree

   朴。木皮也。从木,卜聲 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   朴。木皮也。从木,卜声 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE

   Pǔ. Mù pí yě. Cóng mù, bǔ shēng [Pinyin]

   “Pu”, the bark of a tree. From “Wood radical” and “Bu” sound.

2. ^† root; stem

   普木切，音扑。本也 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   From: 玉篇 (Yùpiān)

   Pǔ mù qiè, yīn pū. Běn yě [Pinyin]

   Fanqie spelling 普 (pǔ) + 木 (mù), pronounced 扑 (pū). [The meaning] is 本 (běn)

3. Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis)

Compounds

• 厚朴 (hòupò)
• 朴仔
• 朴樹 (pòshù)
• 朴硝 (pòxiāo)
• 朴資茅斯

 

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		朴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pǔ, pú

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˇ, ㄆㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pok³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pǔ
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu³
    • Yale: pǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puu
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pú
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu²
    • Yale: pú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pok³
    • Yale: pok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: pog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːk̚³/

---

• Middle Chinese: phaewk

Rime
Character	朴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	匹角切
Baxter	phaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/pʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朴
Reading #	1/1
No.	995
Phonetic component	卜
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	璞
Old Chinese	/*pʰroːɡ/
Notes	同樸

Definitions

朴

1. ^† big
2. ^† big timber
3. ^† rat meat which has not been air-dried

   • 鄭人謂玉未理者璞，周人謂鼠未腊者朴。周人懷朴，過鄭賈曰：「欲買朴乎？」鄭賈曰：「欲之。」出其朴，視之，乃鼠也。因謝不取。今平原君自以賢，顯名於天下，然降其主父沙丘而臣之。天下之王尚猶尊之，是天下之王不如鄭賈之智也，眩於名，不知其實也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     郑人谓玉未理者璞，周人谓鼠未腊者朴。周人怀朴，过郑贾曰：「欲买朴乎？」郑贾曰：「欲之。」出其朴，视之，乃鼠也。因谢不取。今平原君自以贤，显名于天下，然降其主父沙丘而臣之。天下之王尚犹尊之，是天下之王不如郑贾之智也，眩于名，不知其实也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Zhèng rén wèi yù wèi lǐ zhě pú, zhōu rén wèi shǔ wèi là zhě pǔ. Zhōu rén huái pǔ, guò zhèng gǔ yuē: “Yù mǎi pǔ hū?” Zhèng gǔ yuē: “Yù zhī.” Chū qí pǔ, shì zhī, nǎi shǔ yě. Yīn xiè bù qǔ. Jīn Píngyuán jūn zì yǐ xián, xiǎnmíng yú tiānxià, rán jiàng qí zhǔ fù Shāqiū ér chén zhī. Tiānxià zhī wáng shàng yóu zūn zhī, shì tiānxià zhī wáng bùrú zhèng gǔ zhī zhì yě, xuàn yú míng, bùzhī qí shí yě.” [Pinyin]

     The people from the state of Zheng gave the name 璞 (pú) for unrefined jade that is not yet carved or polished while the people from the state of Zhou gave the name 朴 (pǔ) for rat meat which has not been air-dried.
     A man from Zhou holding 朴 (pǔ) went to see a businessman in Zheng and asked, "Do you want to buy some 朴 (pǔ)?". The businessman replied, "Yes, I would like to". The man from Zhou held out his 朴 (pǔ). The businessman saw that it was a rat. And so he declined to take it.
     Now the Prince of Pingyuan has a distinguished reputation throughout the world as a man of worth and ability. But he degraded his ruler's father at Shaqiu and treated him as a subject. And yet and kings throughout the world have less understanding than the merchant of Zheng. They are dazzled by a name and do not know what he really is.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		朴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Pú (Pu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Pú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Pú
    • Wade–Giles: Pʻu²
    • Yale: Pú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pwu
    • Palladius: Пу (Pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵/

Definitions

朴

1. a historical surname used by the Yi (夷 (yí)) people.

   九月，巴七姓夷王朴胡、賨邑侯杜濩舉巴夷、賨民來附，於是分巴郡，以胡爲巴東太守，濩為巴西太守， [Literary Chinese, trad.]
   九月，巴七姓夷王朴胡、𰷥邑侯杜濩举巴夷、𰷥民来附，于是分巴郡，以胡为巴东太守，濩为巴西太守， [Literary Chinese, simp.]

   From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE

   jiǔyuè, bā qī xìng yí wáng Púhú, cóng yìhóu Dùhuò jǔ bā yí, cóng mín láifù, yúshì fēn bā jùn, yǐ Hú wèi bā dōng tàishǒu, Huò wèi bā xī tàishǒu, [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   夷狄大姓。有朴氏與樸同 [MSC, trad.]
   夷狄大姓。有朴氏与朴同 [MSC, simp.]

   From: 通志畧

   Yí dí dà xìng. Yǒu pǔ shì yǔ pǔ tóng [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		朴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Piáo, Pú (Piao², Pu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄠˊ, ㄆㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pok³ / piu⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Phiâu / Phok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): piao⁵ / piou⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷phoq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Piáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Piáo
    • Wade–Giles: Pʻiao²
    • Yale: Pyáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pyau
    • Palladius: Пяо (Pjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Pú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Pú
    • Wade–Giles: Pʻu²
    • Yale: Pú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pwu
    • Palladius: Пу (Pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pok³ / piu⁴
    • Yale: pok / pìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pok⁸ / piu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pog³ / piu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːk̚³/, /pʰiːu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phiâu
    • Tâi-lô: Phiâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiaau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰiau²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phok
    • Tâi-lô: Phok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: piao⁵ / piou⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phiâu / phiôu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiau⁵⁵/, /pʰiou⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷phoq
    • MiniDict: phoh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴phoq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰoʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

朴

1. Park, a surname from Korean

   • 國人多金、朴兩姓，異姓不為婚。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     国人多金、朴两姓，异姓不为婚。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Old Book of Tang, 945 CE

     Guórén duō Jīn, Piáo liǎng xìng, yìxìng bù wéi hūn. [Pinyin]

     (In Silla) There were many Kims and Parks in the country, but they did not marry with other last names.

   • 王姓金，貴人姓朴，民無氏有名。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     王姓金，贵人姓朴，民无氏有名。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The New Book of Tang, 1060 CE

     Wáng xìng Jīn, guìrén xìng Piáo, mín wú shì yǒu míng. [Pinyin]

     The (Silla) king's last name was Kim, the noble man's last name was Park, the people had no last name, but only a name.

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.		朴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pō (po¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pok³ / po¹
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): poh⁴ / pog⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pō
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: po
    • Wade–Giles: pʻo¹
    • Yale: pwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: po
    • Palladius: по (po)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pok³ / po¹
    • Yale: pok / pō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pok⁸ / po¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pog³ / po¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːk̚³/, /pʰɔː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: poh⁴ / pog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phoh / phok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoʔ²/, /pʰok̚²/

Note:

• poh4 - vernacular;
• pog4 - literary.

Definitions

朴

1. (historical) Only used in 朴刀 (pōdāo, “ancient sword with a long blade and a short hilt”).

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 朴 – see 樸 (“simple; plain; rough; unpolished; sincere; honest; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 樸).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pū (pu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pū
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu¹
    • Yale: pū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pu
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: phaewk

Rime
Character	朴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	匹角切
Baxter	phaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/pʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朴
Reading #	1/1
No.	995
Phonetic component	卜
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	璞
Old Chinese	/*pʰroːɡ/
Notes	同樸

Definitions

朴

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 扑 (pū, “to hit”)
2. (obsolete) Alternative form of 扑 (pū, “instrument of torture of beating”)

Japanese

Kanji

朴

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ほく (hoku)
• Kan-on: はく (haku)
• Kan’yō-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
• Kun: ほお (hō, 朴)、ほう (hō, 朴)
• Nanori: ぱく (paku)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朴
ほお Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
厚朴

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほお [hóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞ː]

Noun

朴(ほお) • (hō) ^{←ほほ (fofo)?}

1. Japanese bigleaf magnolia

Synonyms

• 朴(ほお)の木(き) (hōnoki), 厚朴(こうぼく) (kōboku), 朴柏(ほおがしわ) (hōgashiwa)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朴
えのき Grade: S
irregular

Alternative spellings
榎 𪱻

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) えのき [ènókí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [e̞no̞kʲi]

Noun

朴(えのき) or 朴(エノキ) • (enoki) 

1. Chinese hackberry

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
朴
ぱく Grade: S
nanori

From Korean 박 (bak).

Alternative forms

• パク

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pa̠kɯ̟]

Proper noun

朴(パク) • (paku) 

1. Park, a surname from Korean

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朴 (MC phaewk).

Hanja

Wikisource

朴 (eumhun 성씨 박 (seongssi bak))
朴 (eumhun 순박할 박 (sunbakhal bak))

1. hanja form^? of 박 (“a surname.”)
2. hanja form^? of 박 (“naive; simple”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 순박 (淳朴, sunbak)
• 소박 (素朴, sobak)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Tày

Han character

朴 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of vủc.

References

• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

朴: Hán Nôm readings: phắc, phác, vóc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.