柏

See also: 栢

柏 U+67CF, 柏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67CF ← 柎 [U+67CE] CJK Unified Ideographs 某 → [U+67D0]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

柏 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹日 (DHA), four-corner 4690₀, composition ⿰木白)

Derived characters

• 湐, 𫢾, 𬝌

Related characters

• 栢 (Variant form of 柏)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14617
• Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1185, character 3
• Unihan data for U+67CF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柏
alternative forms		栢

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
怕	*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕	*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕	*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦	*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	*praɡ, *preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎi, bó (bai³, bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ, ㄅㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paak³ / baak³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pak

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bag⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): bák
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): peh / peeh / pek / piak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷paq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, colloquial, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎi
    • Wade–Giles: pai³
    • Yale: bǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bae
    • Palladius: бай (baj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bó
    • Wade–Giles: po²
    • Yale: bwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Note:

• Mainland:
  • bó - standard only in foreign names, e.g. 柏林, 柏拉圖／柏拉图;
  • bǎi - used for other senses.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paak³ / baak³
    • Yale: paak / baak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paak⁸ / baak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: pag³ / bag³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːk̚³/, /paːk̚³/

Note:

• paak3 - Guangzhou, Hong Kong;
• baak3 - Guangzhou.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
    • Hakka Romanization System: bag^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bag⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pak̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
    • Tâi-lô: peh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /peʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /peʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh
    • Tâi-lô: peeh
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
    • Tâi-lô: pik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
    • Tâi-lô: piak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/

Note:

• peh/peeh - vernacular;
• pek/piak - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bêh⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷paq
    • MiniDict: pah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴paq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /paʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: paek

Rime
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	博陌切
Baxter	paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak/
English	cypress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
No.	197
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/

Definitions

柏

1. cypress
2. Alternative form of 伯
3. Alternative form of 迫
4. (～國) Bai, Bo (an ancient state in modern Henan)
5. (～市) Kashiwa City, a city in Japan
6. a surname

Compounds

• 側柏 / 侧柏 (cèbǎi)
• 刺柏 (cìbǎi)
• 卷柏
• 扁柏 (biǎnbó)
• 朱柏廬 / 朱柏庐
• 松柏 (sōngbǎi)
• 松柏之堅 / 松柏之坚
• 松柏之壽 / 松柏之寿
• 松柏之茂
• 松柏園 / 松柏园
• 松柏後凋 / 松柏后凋
• 東柏林 / 东柏林 (Dōng-Bólín)
• 松柏節操 / 松柏节操
• 松柏長青 / 松柏长青
• 柏京其
• 柏克
• 柏克萊 / 柏克莱
• 柏卡里
• 柏原 (Bǎiyuán)
• 柏吉烏斯 / 柏吉乌斯
• 柏塞麥 / 柏塞麦
• 柏子
• 柏府
• 柏拉圖 / 柏拉图 (Bólātú)
• 柏木 (bǎimù)
• 柏木油
• 柏林
• 柏林劇團 / 柏林剧团
• 柏林圍牆 / 柏林围墙 (Bólín Wéiqiáng)
• 柏林大學 / 柏林大学
• 柏林影展
• 柏林會議 / 柏林会议
• 柏林樂派 / 柏林乐派
• 柏柏人
• 柏格曼
• 柏格森
• 柏梁臺
• 柏梁詩
• 柏梁體
• 柏楊 / 柏杨 (Bǎiyáng)
• 柏樹 / 柏树 (bǎishù)
• 柏油 (bǎiyóu)
• 柏油紙 / 柏油纸
• 柏油路 (bǎiyóulù)
• 柏濩
• 柏翳
• 柏臺 / 柏台
• 柏臺烏府 / 柏台乌府
• 柏舟
• 柏舟之痛
• 柏舟之節 / 柏舟之节
• 柏舟之誓
• 柏舟操
• 柏鄉縣 / 柏乡县
• 柏酒
• 柏金
• 柏青哥 (bóqīnggē)
• 柏頓 / 柏顿
• 柏高
• 桂宮柏寢 / 桂宫柏寝
• 檉柏 / 柽柏
• 檜柏 / 桧柏
• 歲寒松柏 / 岁寒松柏
• 玉柏
• 石刁柏 (shídiāobǎi)
• 精忠柏
• 羅漢柏 / 罗汉柏
• 西柏林 (Xī-Bólín)
• 赫柏定律
• 都柏林 (Dūbólín)
• 餐松啖柏
• 餐松食柏
• 龍柏 / 龙柏

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bò, bó (bo⁴, bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˋ, ㄅㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ / paak³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pak
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bò
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bò
    • Wade–Giles: po⁴
    • Yale: bwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boh
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bó
    • Wade–Giles: po²
    • Yale: bwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: baak³ / paak³
    • Yale: baak / paak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ / paak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag³ / pag³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³/, /pʰaːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
    • Hakka Romanization System: bag^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bêh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²/

Definitions

柏

1. Alternative form of 檗, used in 黃柏／黄柏 (huángbò).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01907
• “柏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

柏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. oak
2. (rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera

Readings

• Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
• Kan-on: はく (haku)
• Kun: かしわ (kashiwa, 柏)、このてがしわ (konotegashiwa, 柏)、かえ (kae, 柏)、かや (kaya, 柏)
• Nanori: かい (kai)、かし (kashi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柏
かしわ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
槲 檞

Noun

柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa) 

1. daimyo oak, Quercus dentata

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カシワ.

Derived terms

• 柏崎(かしわざき) (Kashiwazaki)
• 柏原(かしわはら) (Kashiwahara)
• 柏餅(かしわもち) (kashiwa mochi)

Proper noun

柏(かしわ) • (Kashiwa) 

1. Kashiwa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)
2. a female given name

Korean

Hanja

柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백)

1. Used in the names of certain trees

Vietnamese

Han character

柏: Hán Nôm readings: bách, bá

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation