械

械 U+68B0, 械 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68B0 ← 梯 [U+68AF] CJK Unified Ideographs 梱 → [U+68B1]

Translingual

Han character

械 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木戈廿 (DIT), four-corner 4395₀, composition ⿰木戒)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14882
• Dae Jaweon: page 919, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 6
• Unihan data for U+68B0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		械

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (戒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
祴	*kɯː
駴	*ɡrɯːʔ
戒	*krɯːɡs
誡	*krɯːɡs
悈	*krɯːɡs, *kɯɡ
械	*ɡrɯːɡs
裓	*kɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯːɡs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs). The character originally represented the meaning of "handcuffs" or "shackles," and by extension, it came to be used to mean "device" or "mechanism."

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haai⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hāi / hâi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siè
    • Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
    • Yale: syè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
    • Palladius: се (se)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haai⁶
    • Yale: haaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi / hâi
    • Tâi-lô: hāi / hâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hai, haai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hai²²/, /hai²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁴¹/, /hai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai²²/, /hai¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hai³³/, /hai²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai³³/, /hai²³/

Note:

• hāi - literary;
• hâi - vernacular (俗).

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 械
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ⁵¹/ /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiə¹³/ /t͡sɛ¹³/ /kɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiai¹³/ /kai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕie²¹³/ 新 /kai²¹³/ 老
	Kunming	/kæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦie²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦie̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ka³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/ka⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kai⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/kai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/hai⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/hɑi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hai²²/
	Nanning	/hai²²/
	Hong Kong	/hai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hai²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hai³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kai³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: heajH

Rime
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡介切
Baxter	heajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjH/
Li Rong	/ɣɛiH/
Wang Li	/ɣɐiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣăiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-k]ˤrək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛjH ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-k]ˁrək-s/
English	fetters; weapon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
No.	6547
Phonetic component	戒
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	械
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːɡs/

Definitions

械

1. weapons
2. implements; instruments

Compounds

• 兵械
• 刀杖器械
• 刀械
• 器械 (qìxiè)
• 器械體操 / 器械体操
• 械彈 / 械弹
• 械用
• 械繫 / 械系
• 械鬥 / 械斗 (xièdòu)
• 棄械 / 弃械 (qìxiè)
• 槍械 / 枪械 (qiāngxiè)
• 機械 / 机械 (jīxiè)
• 機械化 / 机械化 (jīxièhuà)
• 機械工業 / 机械工业
• 機械手 / 机械手
• 機械效率 / 机械效率
• 機械油 / 机械油
• 機械能 / 机械能 (jīxiènéng)
• 機械論 / 机械论 (jīxièlùn)
• 簡單機械 / 简单机械 (jiǎndān jīxiè)
• 繳械 / 缴械 (jiǎoxiè)
• 藥械 / 药械
• 警械
• 軍械 / 军械 (jūnxiè)

 

Japanese

Kanji

械

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. contraption

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
• Kun: かせ (kase, 械)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
械
かい Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 械 (MC heajH).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

械(かい) • (kai) 

1. machine; instrument
2. contraption; fetter

Noun

械(かい) • (kai) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Korean

Hanja

械 (eumhun 형틀 계 (hyeongteul gye))

1. hanja form^? of 계 (“weapons, instruments”)

Vietnamese

Han character

械: Hán Nôm readings: giới

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.