Wiktionary

次

See also: 㳄
次 U+6B21, 次
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B21
← 欠
[U+6B20] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 欢 →
[U+6B22]
次 U+2F8EF, 次
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EF
← 㰘
[U+2F8EE] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣢧 →
[U+2F8F0]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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次 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一弓人 (IMNO) or 一一弓人 (MMNO), four-corner 17182 or 37182, composition ⿰冫欠(GJV) or ⿰二欠(HKT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 565, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15992
  • Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6B21

Chinese

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trad. 次
simp. # 次
alternative forms 𠕞
𦮏
𠤣

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 次
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咨 *ʔsli
資 *ʔsli
姿 *ʔsli
粢 *ʔsli
諮 *ʔsli
恣 *ʔslis
澬 *ʔsli, *zli
趑 *sʰli
蠀 *sʰli
次 *sn̥ʰis
佽 *sl̥ʰis
絘 *sl̥ʰis
薋 *zli
瓷 *zli
茨 *zli
餈 *zli
垐 *zli, *zlɯɡ
楶 *ʔsliːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sn̥ʰis) : phonetic 二 (OC *njis, “two”) + semantic 欠. Given that the right part of the character depicts a man kneeling with an open mouth, the number two perhaps indicates "two people speaking".

As an alternative, the two horizontal traits 二 are the representation of some saliva spitted while speaking; hence, the act of speaking is represented without a reference to blown air or breathing (e.g., 曰, 丂, 于, 只). The original meaning was "to consult", 咨. Perhaps related to 㳄, which means "saliva"; however, this is not the original version of the character, but a variant.

Given that the character started meaning "following; inferior (to)", the component 二 in this second translation adds part of the meaning if interpreted as a number.

In all cases, the Kangxi radical "Ice" is a false friend of either "Number two" or two drops representing saliva; however, in some fonts, it is still possible to see 二. An old variant of the character is 𣄭.

Etymology 1

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Probably from *s- + 二 (OC *njis, “two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (Pulleyblank, 1962; Sagart and Baxter, 2012; STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 次
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七四切
Baxter tshijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰiH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ci3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 次 次
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cì cì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshijH › ‹ tshijH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/ /*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/
English lodge (v.) put in order; second

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 次
Reading # 1/1
No. 1794
Phonetic
component 		次
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		次
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰis/
Notes 說文二聲，甲金文二或三劃，
似人嘆氣諮嗟

Definitions

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次

  1. order; sequence
    名次  ―  míngcì  ―  position in a name list; place in a competition
  2. (algebra) order
  3. next in sequence; second
    次子  ―  cìzǐ  ―  second son
  4. (literary) to come next in order
  5. (literary) to arrange into ordered form; to put into sequence; to impose order; to compile
  6. inferior; substandard
    次貨／次货  ―  cìhuò  ―  substandard product
  7. Classifier for times, as in frequency. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    上次  ―  shàngcì  ―  last time
    次數／次数  ―  cìshù  ―  number of times; frequency
    這是我第一次來到北京。 [MSC, trad.]
    这是我第一次来到北京。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì lái dào běijīng. [Pinyin]
    This is my first time in Beijing.
  8. (archaic, military) to station the troops at some place; to hold position at some place
  9. (literary) resting place
    客次  ―  kècì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  10. (literary) middle
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 次 (“time (frequency)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 次, 回, 遍
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 次
Malaysia 次
Singapore 次
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 次
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 次, 回
Guiyang 回
Guilin 回
Liuzhou 回
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 回, 摩, 次
Cantonese Guangzhou 次
Hong Kong 次
Macau 次
Rongxian 次
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Ipoh (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Singapore (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Bangkok (Guangfu) 次
Betong (Rongxian) 擺
Gan Nanchang 次, 回
Pingxiang 次
Hakka Meixian 擺
Wuhua (Huacheng) 擺
Heyuan (Bendihua) 次
Liannan 次
Jiexi 輪
Changting 回
Wuping 下, 到
Ninghua 回
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 擺, 到
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 擺, 到
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 擺, 到
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 擺, 到
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 擺, 回
Hong Kong 次
Senai (Huiyang) 擺
Jin Taiyuan 次
Eastern Min Fuzhou 匝
Southern Min Xiamen 擺, 斗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 擺
Quanzhou 擺, 斗
Anxi 擺
Zhangzhou 擺, 斗
Zhao'an 次, 擺
Tainan 擺, 改, 斗
Penang (Hokkien) 斗
Singapore (Hokkien) 擺
Manila (Hokkien) 擺
Chaozhou 匝, 過
Jieyang 匝, 過, 擺
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 次, 匝
Singapore (Teochew) 擺, 匝
Leizhou 回
Wenchang 下, 次
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 遍
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 次
Wu Shanghai 次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下
Shanghai (Chongming) 趟, 頓, 場
Suzhou 趟, 頓, 場
Danyang 頓, 場
Hangzhou 埭, 趟, 頓, 通
Ningbo 回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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次

  1. Only used in 榆次 (Yúcì).

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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次

  1. Only used in 次且.

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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次

  1. Only used in 具次.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 次  
Kyūjitai
[1]
次󠄁
次+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
次󠄄
次+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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次

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
次
し
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 次 (MC tshijH, “in order; second”).

Less common reading in modern Japanese. Superseded in most cases by ji; see below.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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次(し) • (shi) 

  1. next, secondary
  2. following
Usage notes
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Only found in compounds.

Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
次
じ
Grade: 3
kan'yōon

/si/ → /ʑi/ → /d͡ʑi/

Sound shift from shi above.[2]

Pronunciation

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Counter

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次(じ) • (-ji) 

  1. number of times: an ordinal marker
    第四(だいよん)次(じ)計画(けいかく)
    daiyonji keikaku
    the fourth plan
  2. number in a sequence, number of aspects or dimensions
    二(に)次(じ)方程式(ほうていしき)、三(さん)次(じ)式(しき)
    niji hōteishiki, sanji shiki
    a quadratic equation, a third order expression

Noun

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次(じ) • (ji) 

  1. (rare) order, sequence
Usage notes
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Seldom found in isolation.

Prefix

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次(じ) • (ji-) 

  1. (attached to nouns) the next, secondary, vice-
    次(じ)位(い)、次(じ)長(ちょう)
    jī, jichō
    second rank, vice-director
  2. (chemistry) hypo- (used to distinguish the oxidation levels of various acids)
    亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)
    aenso san, jiaenso san, ashūso san, jiashūso san
    chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, bromous acid, hypobromous acid

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
次
つぎ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次ぐ (tsugu, “to be in a sequence; to follow, to continue from something, to be next; to connect, to join”).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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次(つぎ) • (tsugi) 

  1. next, order, sequence, below
    子(こ)供(ども)たちは次(つぎ)のように述(の)べています。
    Kodomotachi wa tsugi no yō ni nobeteimasu.
    The children said as follows.
    • From the Emacs tutorial (English)
      では C-v(Cv) （次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)を見(み)る）をタイプして次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)に進(すす)んで下(くだ)さい。（さあ、やってみましょう。コントロールキーを押(お)しながら v です）
      De wa C-v (tsugi no gamen o miru) o taipu shite tsugi no gamen ni susunde kudasai.(Sā, yattemimashō. Kontorōrukī o oshinagara v desu)
      Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. (go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and v together)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
次
すき
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
主基

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く (suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).[2]

The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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次(すき) • (suki) 

  1. (Shinto) at the 大嘗祭 (Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
次
ついで
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
序
序で
第
次いで
尋いで
次第
嗣

/tuɡite/ → /tuide/

Sound shift from 次第 (tsugite, “order, sequence”), itself originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete Old Japanese-derived verb 継ぎつ (tsugitsu, “to do things in sequence, to establish an order”).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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次(ついで) • (tsuide) 

  1. order, sequence
  2. follower, successor; the next thing in a sequence
  3. a good opportunity to do something; doing something incidental to something else
Usage notes
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The good opportunity sense is more often encountered as 序(つい)でに (tsuide ni).

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1185 (paper), page 643 (digital)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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次 (eumhun 버금 차 (beogeum cha))

  1. hanja form? of 차 (“second; next”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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次: Hán Việt readings: thứ (七(thất)四(tứ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], tư
次: Nôm readings: thớ[1][3][6][4][5][7], thứ[1][2][4][7], thứa[2][4][5][7], khứa[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of thứ (“inferior in quality; order, rank, sequence”).
  2. Nôm form of thớ (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).
  3. Nôm form of thứa (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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  NODES
Note 10