Wiktionary

沉

See also: 沈 and 瀋
沉 U+6C89, 沉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C89
← 沈
[U+6C88] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沊 →
[U+6C8A]

Translingual

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Traditional 沉
Simplified 沉
Japanese 沈
Korean 沈

Han character

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沉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水月竹弓 (EBHN) or 水月竹山 (EBHU), four-corner 37110, composition ⿰氵冗(GJKV) or ⿰氵⿱冖儿(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 610, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1003, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1574, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C89

Chinese

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trad. 沉
simp. # 沉
alternative forms 沈

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冘 *lu, *lum
抌 *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖 *lus
貁 *lus
耽 *ʔl'uːm
眈 *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖 *ʔl'uːm
妉 *ʔl'uːm
黕 *ʔl'uːmʔ
衴 *ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭 *ʔl'uːmʔ
馾 *ʔl'uːms
髧 *l'uːmʔ
紞 *ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂 *zlum, *l'um
沈 *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉 *l'um
枕 *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐 *l'um
霃 *l'um
鴆 *l'ums
訦 *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ
忱 *ɦljum
邥 *hljumʔ
魫 *hljumʔ

Variant of 沈, see there for more.

Etymology

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MSEA areal etymon: similar words exist in Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, & Tibeto-Burman; yet those are difficult to match with potential OC relations (Schuessler, 2007).

Possible allofams are 淫 (OC *lɯm), 瀋 (OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ), 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm), & 湛 (OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • cam4 - literary;
  • zam6 - vernacular.
Note: thiām - "to put and submerge people or objects into water".
Note:
  • ding7 - Chenghai;
  • tim7 - dialectal usage ("to put and submerge people or objects into water").
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 沉
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ ～重
/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵³/ ～底
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰən³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨn²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰəm¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʃʰem¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐm²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐm²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tim³⁵/
/tiam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /teiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /tim⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sim³¹/
/hiam³¹/
Rime
Character 沉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直深切
Baxter drim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖjim/
Li
Rong 		/ȡjəm/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭĕm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cam4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沉
Reading # 1/1
No. 15256
Phonetic
component 		冘
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		沈
Old
Chinese 		/*l'um/
Notes 俗沈字見易林漢碑

Definitions

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沉

  1. to sink; to submerge (into water)
    我頂泳帽沉咗落水底。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我顶泳帽沉咗落水底。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 deng2 wing6 mou6-2 cam4 zo2 lok6 seoi2 dai2. [Jyutping]
    My swimming cap sank to the bottom of the pool.
  2. to fall; to sink; to subside
  3. to settle; to make sink
  4. to suppress; to stifle; to neglect
  5. to be neglected
  6. to indulge in; to be given to
  7. to hide; to be hidden
  8. heavy; weighty
  9. dark; gloomy
  10. deep; profound
    睡得很沉  ―  shuì de hěn chén  ―  to sleep soundly
  11. long (duration); prolonged; lengthy
  12. deeply; profoundly
  13. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 浸 (zam6, “to drown”)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 重 (“heavy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 重
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 重
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 沉, 重
Taiwan 重
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 沉, 重
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 沉, 重
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 重
Wuhan 重
Guilin 重
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 重
Hefei 重
Cantonese Guangzhou 重
Hong Kong 重
Yangjiang 重
Gan Nanchang 重
Hakka Meixian 重
Jin Taiyuan 重, 沉
Northern Min Jian'ou 重
Eastern Min Fuzhou 重
Southern Min Xiamen 重
Quanzhou 重
Zhangzhou 重
Chaozhou 重
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 重
Wu Suzhou 重
Wenzhou 重
Xiang Changsha 重
Shuangfeng 重
Dialectal synonyms of 沉 (“deep; sound (sleep)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 沉, 熟
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 死, 實
Taiwan 沉, 熟
Cantonese Guangzhou 淰
Hong Kong 淰
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 淰
Southern Min Tainan 沉

Compounds

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References

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  • “沉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “沉”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

Japanese

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Kanji

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沉

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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沉 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, sim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim)

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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沉: Hán Nôm readings: tròm, chằm, chìm, đắm, đẫm, ngằm, ngầm, trằm, trầm, đẵm

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