沢山

Japanese

Kanji in this term
沢	山
たく Grade: S (ateji)	さん Grade: 1 (ateji)
kan'on

Alternative spelling
澤山 (kyūjitai)

Etymology 1

First appears in The Tale of the Heike (c. late 12th century).

Origin unknown,^[1] kanji spelling appears to be phonetic ateji (当て字)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たくさん [tàkúsáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]^[3] for adjective and noun senses
(Tokyo) たくさん [tàkúsáń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3] for adverb sense
IPA^(key): [ta̠kɯ̟̊sã̠ɴ]

Adjective

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) ^†-nari

(Classical Japanese) many, numerous

Noun

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan)

much, many, a lot

Usage notes

In classical Japanese, used with なる (naru) to modify nouns:
沢山(たくさん)なる人々(ひとびと) ― takusan naru hitobito ― many people
In modern Japanese, used with the particle の (no) to modify nouns:
沢山(たくさん)の人々(ひとびと) ― takusan no hitobito ― many people

Synonyms

大(おお)勢(ぜい) (ōzei) (only for people)

Derived terms

沢(たく)山(さん)そう (takusansō)

Adverb

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan)

much, a great deal, liberally, a lot

Usage notes

Unlike many other adjectival nouns that have adverbial senses, 沢山 as an adverb omits the particle に (ni) when used before a verb. Compare:
Correct: ケーキを静(しず)かに食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o shizuka ni tabemashita. ― We ate cake quietly.

Incorrect: ケーキを静(しず)か食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o shizuka tabemashita. ― We quiet ate cake.

Incorrect: ケーキを沢山(たくさん)に食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o takusan ni tabemashita. ― We ate cake manily.

Correct: ケーキを沢山(たくさん)食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o takusan tabemashita. ― We ate a lot of cake.

Suffix

沢(たく)山(さん) • (-takusan)

more than enough

Derived terms

具(ぐ)沢(だく)山(さん) (gudakusan)
小(こ)沢(だく)山(さん) (kodakusan)
子(こ)沢(だく)山(さん) (kodakusan)
水(みず)沢(だく)山(さん) (mizu-dakusan)
盛(もり)沢(だく)山(さん),盛(も)り沢(だく)山(さん) (moridakusan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
沢	山
さわ Grade: S	やま Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
澤山 (kyūjitai)

First appeared in the Edo period.

Kun-reading of takusan above.^[2]

Alternative forms

多山

Adjective

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (sawayama) ^{←さはやま (safayama)^?}^†-nari

(joseigo, archaic) many, numerous

Noun

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (sawayama) ^{←さはやま (safayama)^?}

(joseigo, archaic) much, a lot

Derived terms

銀子(いんつう)沢(さわ)山(やま) (intsū sawayama)

Proper noun

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (Sawayama) ^{←さはやま (Safayama)^?}

a placename
a surname

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Anagrams

山(さん)沢(たく) (santaku), 山(やま)沢(さわ) (yamasawa)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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