沫

沫 U+6CAB, 沫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CAB ← 沪 [U+6CAA] CJK Unified Ideographs 沬 → [U+6CAC]

See also: 沬

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

沫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木十 (EDJ), four-corner 3519₀, composition ⿰氵末)

Derived characters

• 𬰃

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 612, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17235
• Dae Jaweon: page 1006, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1578, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6CAB

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (末) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
眛	*maːds, *mɯːds
沬	*maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
佅	*mraːds
韎	*mreːds, *maːd
帓	*mraːd
粖	*meːd, *maːd
末	*maːd
昩	*maːd
秣	*maːd
靺	*maːd
眜	*maːd
抹	*maːd
妺	*maːd
怽	*maːd
沫	*maːd
袜	*maːd

A phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 末 (OC *maːd)

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		沫

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mut⁶ / mut³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mot⁵

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ma̍t
• Jin (Wiktionary): mah⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): boa̍h / boa̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuah⁸ / muag⁸ / muêg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    • Wade–Giles: mo⁴
    • Yale: mwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (沫兒 / 沫儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mòr
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mòr
    • Wade–Giles: mo⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: mòr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moll
    • Palladius: мор (mor)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mut⁶ / mut³
    • Yale: muht / mut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mut⁹ / mut⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: mud⁶ / mud³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːt̚²/, /muːt̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mot⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbᵘɔt̚³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: mad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /mat̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: mah⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /maʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍h
    • Tâi-lô: bua̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boah
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /buaʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /buaʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /buaʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: bua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boat
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /buat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /buat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /buat̚¹²¹/

Note:

• boa̍h - vernacular;
• boa̍t - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bhuah⁸ / muag⁸ / muêg⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bua̍h / mua̍k / mue̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /buaʔ⁴/, /muak̚⁴/, /muek̚⁴/

Note:

• bhuah8 - vernacular;
• muag8/muêg8 - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: mat

Rime
Character	沫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫撥切
Baxter	mat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwat̚/
Li Rong	/muɑt̚/
Wang Li	/muɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ mat ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁat/
English	foam, spittle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沫
Reading #	1/1
No.	9233
Phonetic component	末
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	末
Old Chinese	/*maːd/

Definitions

沫

1. froth; foam; bubbles; suds
2. saliva
3. (literary) to stop

Compounds

• 以沫相濡
• 口沫橫飛 / 口沫横飞
• 吐沫 (tùmò)
• 唾沫 (tuòmo)
• 唾沫星子 (tuòmo xīngzi)
• 唾沫直嚥 / 唾沫直咽
• 水沫
• 泡沫 (pàomò)
• 泡沫劑 / 泡沫剂
• 泡沫塑膠 / 泡沫塑胶
• 泡沫橡膠 / 泡沫橡胶
• 泡沫水泥
• 泡沫浴
• 泡沫玻璃
• 泡沫紅茶 / 泡沫红茶
• 泡沫經濟 / 泡沫经济 (pàomò jīngjì)
• 泡沫車 / 泡沫车
• 泡沫髮膠 / 泡沫发胶
• 沫雨
• 流沫
• 涎沫 (xiánmò)
• 海沫
• 涸鱗濡沫 / 涸鳞濡沫
• 濡沫涸轍 / 濡沫涸辙
• 煦沫
• 白沫 (báimò)
• 相濡以沫 (xiāngrúyǐmò)
• 肉沫
• 飛沫 / 飞沫 (fēimò)
• 飛沫傳染 / 飞沫传染

 

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		沫
alternative forms		垡 粕 渤 𨑾

Probably from a Mon-Khmer substrate; compare Vietnamese bọt (“foam; froth”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Mizo phûl (“scum; froth; foam”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Eastern Min (BUC): puŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phe̍h / phe̍rh / phoe̍h / phe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): puêh⁸

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• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuoʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe̍h
    • Tâi-lô: phe̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pheh
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰeʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe̍rh
    • Tâi-lô: phe̍rh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰəʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoe̍h
    • Tâi-lô: phue̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoeh
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰueʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰueʔ¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
    • Tâi-lô: phe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phef
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: puêh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phue̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰueʔ⁴/

Definitions

沫

1. (Min) scum; froth

Compounds

• 拍沫
• 暴沫
• 牛奶沫

 

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		沫

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): boah

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boah
    • Tâi-lô: buah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boaq
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /buaʔ³²/

Definitions

沫

1. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) full to the brim (of liquid in a container)

Japanese

Kanji

沫

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. splash
2. suds

Readings

• Go-on: まち (machi)、まつ (matsu)
• Kan-on: ばつ (batsu)
• Kun: あわ (awa, 沫)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
沫
あわ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 沫 – see the following entry.

【泡あわ】S [noun] bubble [noun] foam, head on carbonated beverages such as beer

(This term, 沫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠ɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [말]

Hanja

Wikisource

沫 (eum 말 (mal))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 백말 (白沫, baengmal)
• 포말 (泡沫, pomal)

Vietnamese

Han character

沫: Hán Nôm readings: mượt, mát, mạt, mướt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.