熯

熯	U+71AF, 熯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71AF

Translingual

Han character

熯 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 火廿中人 (FTLO), four-corner 9403₄, composition ⿰火𦰩)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 681, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19355
Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 12
Unihan data for U+71AF

Chinese

trad.		熯
simp. ^#		熯

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hon³ / hon²
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hon³ / hon²
  - Yale: hon / hón
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon³ / hon²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon³ / hon²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn³³/, /hɔːn³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: xanX, xanH

Rime
Character	熯	熯
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼旱切	呼旰切
Baxter	xanX	xanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑn^X/	/hɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑn^X/	/hɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑn^X/	/xɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/han^X/	/han^H/
Li Rong	/xɑn^X/	/xɑn^H/
Wang Li	/xɑn^X/	/xɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑn^X/	/xɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hǎn	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon²	hon³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*hnaːnʔ/, /*hnaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熯	熯
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	4904	4907
Phonetic component	暵	暵
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	䍐	漢
Old Chinese	/*hnaːnʔ/	/*hnaːns/
Notes		甲金文爲堇下火，烘乾堇

Definitions

熯

(literary) dry; arid
(literary) to dry with fire
(literary) to burn; to flame
(dialectal) to bake over a slow fire
(dialectal) to dry with little oil; to sauté
(dialectal) to steam
Alternative form of 焊 (hàn, “to weld; to solder”)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蒸 (“to steam”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蒸
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蒸
	Taiwan	蒸
	Harbin	蒸
	Singapore	蒸
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	蒸
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蒸
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	蒸
	Wanrong	蒸
	Xi'an	蒸
	Xuzhou	蒸
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蒸
	Lanzhou	蒸
	Ürümqi	蒸
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	蒸
	Wuhan	蒸
	Guiyang	蒸
	Guilin	蒸
	Liuzhou	蒸
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	蒸
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蒸
Cantonese	Guangzhou	蒸
	Hong Kong	蒸
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	蒸
	Macau	蒸
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	炊, 蒸
	Foshan	蒸
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	蒸
	Foshan (Shunde)	蒸
	Foshan (Sanshui)	蒸
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	蒸
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	蒸
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	蒸
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	蒸
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	炊
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	蒸
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	蒸
	Taishan	炊
	Kaiping (Chikan)	炊
	Enping (Niujiang)	炊
	Heshan (Yayao)	蒸
	Dongguan	炊, 蒸
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	炊
	Qingyuan	蒸
	Fogang	蒸
	Yingde (Hanguang)	蒸
	Yangshan	蒸
	Lianshan (Butian)	蒸
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	蒸
	Shaoguan	蒸
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	蒸
	Renhua	蒸
	Lechang	蒸
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	蒸
	Sihui	蒸
	Guangning	蒸
	Deqing	炊
	Huaiji	蒸
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	蒸
	Yunfu	炊
	Xinxing	炊
	Luoding	蒸
	Yunan (Pingtai)	煮
	Xinyi	蒸
	Lianjiang	蒸
	Nanning	蒸
	Wuzhou	蒸, 炊
	Yulin	蒸
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	蒸
	Singapore (Guangfu)	蒸
Gan	Lichuan	蒸
Gan	Pingxiang	蒸
Hakka	Meixian	蒸
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	蒸
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蒸
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	蒸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	蒸
	Yudu	蒸
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	蒸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蒸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	炊
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	炊
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	炊
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	炊
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	蒸
Jin	Taiyuan	蒸
Jin	Xinzhou	蒸
Northern Min	Jian'ou	炊
	Songxi	炊
	Jianyang	炊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	炊
	Fuqing	炊
	Gutian	炊
	Ningde	炊
	Zhouning	炊
	Fuding	炊
	Matsu	炊
Southern Min	Xiamen	炊
	Quanzhou	炊
	Yongchun	炊
	Zhangzhou	炊
	Taipei	炊
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	炊
	Kaohsiung	炊
	Yilan	炊
	Changhua (Lukang)	炊
	Taichung	炊
	Tainan	炊
	Hsinchu	炊
	Kinmen	炊
	Penghu (Magong)	炊
	Penang (Hokkien)	炊
	Singapore (Hokkien)	炊
	Longyan	炊
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	炊
	Datian	炊
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	蒸
	Chaozhou	炊
	Shantou	炊
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	炊
	Singapore (Teochew)	炊
	Leizhou	炊
	Wenchang	蒸
Central Min	Yong'an	炊
Central Min	Sanming (Shaxian)	炊
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	蒸
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	蒸
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蒸
Wu	Shanghai	蒸
	Shanghai (Chongming)	蒸
	Danyang	蒸
	Ningbo	熯, 蒸, 炊 rare
	Wenzhou	蒸, 炊
	Jinhua	蒸, 熯, 炊
Xiang	Changsha	蒸
Xiang	Quanzhou	蒸

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rǎn (ran³)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
  - Wade–Giles: jan³
  - Yale: rǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
  - Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁵
  - Yale: yíhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn¹³/

Middle Chinese: nyenX

Rime
Character	熯
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	人善切
Baxter	nyenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵian^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛn^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*narʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyen^X ›
Old Chinese	/*narʔ/
English	respectful; to fear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熯
Reading #	3/3
No.	4911
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蹨
Old Chinese	/*njanʔ/

Definitions

熯

(literary) deferential; respectful

References

“熯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

熯

(Hyōgai kanji)

by fire

Readings

On (unclassified): ぜん (zen)、ねん (nen)、がん (gan)
Kun: がわく (gawaku)

Korean

Hanja

熯 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)

by fire

Vietnamese

Han character

熯: Hán Việt readings: hãn, nhiễn

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