牝馬

Chinese

		female	horse; surname
trad. (牝馬)		牝	馬
simp. (牝马)		牝	马

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pìnmǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄣˋ ㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pan⁵ maa⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pīn-má

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pìnmǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˋ ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pìnmǎ
  - Wade–Giles: pʻin⁴-ma³
  - Yale: pìn-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pinnmaa
  - Palladius: пиньма (pinʹma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰin⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pan⁵ maa⁵
  - Yale: páhn máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pan⁵ maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: pen⁵ ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐn¹³ maː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pīn-má
  - Tâi-lô: pīn-má
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pixnmar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pin²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/

Noun

牝馬

(literary) mare; female horse

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 母馬 (“female horse; mare”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		牝馬, 騇 rare
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		母馬, 騍馬, 雌馬
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	母馬, 騍馬
	Taiwan	母馬
	Chengde	騍馬
	Chifeng	母馬
	Heihe	母馬, 騍馬
	Qiqihar	騍馬
	Harbin	母馬, 騍馬
	Jiamusi	騍馬
	Baicheng	騍馬
	Changchun	騍馬
	Tonghua	騍馬
	Shenyang	騍馬
	Jinzhou	騍馬
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	母馬
	Tangshan	騍馬
	Cangzhou	母馬
	Baoding	母馬, 騍馬
	Shijiazhuang	騍馬
	Lijin	騍馬
	Jinan	母馬, 騍馬
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	騍馬
	Dandong	母馬, 騍馬
	Yantai	母馬
	Qingdao	母馬, 騍馬
	Zhucheng	騍馬
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	騍馬
	Lingbao	水馬
	Jining	騍馬
	Wanrong	騍馬, 馬母子 has just given birth to a foal
	Linfen	騍馬
	Shangqiu	騍馬
	Yuanyang	母馬, 騇馬
	Zhengzhou	母馬
	Xinyang	騍馬
	Baihe	母馬
	Xi'an	騍馬
	Baoji	騍馬
	Tianshui	騍馬
	Xining	騍馬
	Xuzhou	母馬
	Fuyang	騍馬
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	騍馬
	Lanzhou	騍馬
	Dunhuang	騍馬
	Hami	騍馬
	Ürümqi	騍馬
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	母馬
	Nanchong	母馬
	Dazhou	母馬
	Hanyuan	母馬
	Xichang	母馬
	Chongqing	母馬
	Wuhan	母馬
	Guiyang	母馬, 騍馬
	Zunyi	母馬
	Bijie	母馬, 騍馬, 全馬
	Liping	母馬
	Zhaotong	騍馬
	Dali	母馬, 騍馬
	Kunming	母馬, 騍馬
	Mengzi	草馬
	Guilin	母馬
	Liuzhou	母馬
	Jishou	馬娘
	Changde	母馬
	Hanzhong	母馬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	母馬, 騍馬
	Yangzhou	母馬
	Lianyungang	母馬
	Lianshui	母馬
	Nantong	母馬
	Anqing	母馬
	Wuhu	母馬
	Hefei	母馬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	馬乸
	Hong Kong	馬乸
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	馬乸
	Macau	馬乸
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	馬乸
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	馬乸
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	馬乸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	馬乸
	Foshan	馬乸
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	馬乸
	Foshan (Shunde)	馬乸
	Foshan (Sanshui)	馬乸
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	馬乸
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	馬乸
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	馬乸
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	馬乸
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	馬乸
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	馬乸
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	馬乸
	Taishan	馬乸
	Kaiping (Chikan)	馬乸
	Enping (Niujiang)	馬乸
	Heshan (Yayao)	馬乸
	Dongguan	馬乸
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	馬乸
	Yangjiang	馬乸
Gan	Nanchang	母馬
Hakka	Meixian	馬嫲
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	馬牸
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	馬嫲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	馬嫲
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	馬嫲
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	馬嫲
	Yudu	馬婆
Jin	Taiyuan	騍馬, 母馬
	Yangyuan	騍馬
	Datong	騍馬
	Xinzhou	母馬, 騍馬
	Lüliang (Lishi)	母馬, 騍馬
	Changzhi	騍馬
	Linhe	騍馬
	Jining	騍馬
	Hohhot	騍馬
	Erenhot	母馬
	Pingshan	騍馬
	Zhangjiakou	騍馬
	Handan	母馬, 草馬
	Linzhou	母馬
	Suide	騍馬
Northern Min	Jian'ou	馬嫲
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	馬母
Southern Min	Xiamen	馬母
	Quanzhou	馬母
	Zhangzhou	馬母
	Chaozhou	馬母
	Jieyang	馬母
	Leizhou	馬母
	Haikou	馬母
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	馬母
Wu	Shanghai	雌馬
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	雌馬
	Suzhou	雌馬
	Danyang	母馬
	Ningbo	騍馬
	Wenzhou	草馬, 馬娘 has given birth
Xiang	Changsha	馬婆子, 馬婆
	Shuangfeng	馬婆子
	Hengyang	馬婆子

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牝馬):

→ Japanese: 牝(ひん)馬(ば) (hinba)
→ Korean: 빈마(牝馬) (binma)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牝	馬
ひん Hyōgai	ば Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 牝馬 (MC bjijX maeX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

牝馬 on Japanese Wikipedia

(Tokyo) ひんば [híꜜǹbà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çĩmba̠]

Noun

牝(ひん)馬(ば) • (hinba)

mare (female horse)

Usage notes

Now the most common term for mare in Japanese.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牝	馬
め Hyōgai	うま Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
雌馬

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) めうま [méꜜùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo) めうま [mèúmá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [me̞ɯ̟ma̠]

Noun

牝(め)馬(うま) • (meuma)

mare (female horse)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
牝	馬
め Hyōgai	ま Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.^[2]

Noun

牝(め)馬(ま) • (mema)

mare (female horse)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 “牝馬”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 2.0 ^2.1 “牝馬”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[1]

[2]

牝馬

Contents

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

See also

References