犀

犀 U+7280, 犀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7280 ← 牿 [U+727F] CJK Unified Ideographs 犁 → [U+7281]

犀 U+2F924, 犀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F924 ← 𤘈 [U+2F923] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 犕 → [U+2F925]

Translingual

Han character

犀 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水竹手 (SEHQ) or 尸卜卜手 (SYYQ), four-corner 7725₁, composition ⿸尸⿱氺牛)

Derived characters

• 遲

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20045
• Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1815, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7280

• Unihan data for U+2F924

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犀
2nd round simp.		𰠨
alternative forms		屖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (犀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
摨	*rniːd
犀	*sliːl
遲	*l'il
墀	*l'il

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sliːl) : phonetic 尾 (OC *mɯlʔ) + semantic 牛 (“ox”).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-sej (“rhinoceros”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sî

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xi¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): să̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sai / se

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sai¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: si
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹
    • Yale: syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sai¹
    • Yale: sāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /si⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: să̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai / se
    • Tâi-lô: sai / se
    • Phofsit Daibuun: say, sef
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/, /se³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/

Note:

• sai - vernacular;
• se - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sai¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sai
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹shi
    • MiniDict: shi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: sej

Rime
Character	犀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	先稽切
Baxter	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/sei/
Wang Li	/siei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.lˤəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sliːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s.lˁəj/
English	rhinoceros
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犀
Reading #	1/1
No.	13345
Phonetic component	犀
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	西
Old Chinese	/*sliːl/
Notes	說文尾聲

Definitions

犀

1. rhinoceros

   • 無木處乃犀、象屯聚養育之地。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     无木处乃犀、象屯聚养育之地。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), adapted from translation by Peter Harris

     Wú mù chù nǎi xī, xiàng túnjù yǎngyù zhī dì. [Pinyin]

     Where there are no trees, rhinoceroses and elephants come together and bring up their young.

2. sharp; hard; well-tempered (as metal)

Compounds

• 一點靈犀 / 一点灵犀
• 兩犀 / 两犀
• 剔犀
• 心有靈犀 / 心有灵犀 (xīnyǒulíngxī)
• 披毛犀
• 拔犀擢象
• 拽象拖犀
• 文犀
• 木犀 (mùxī)
• 毛犀
• 燃犀
• 燃犀溫嶠 / 燃犀温峤
• 燬犀 / 毁犀
• 牙簽犀軸 / 牙签犀轴
• 犀兵
• 犀利 (xīlì)
• 犀帶 / 犀带
• 犀渠
• 犀照
• 犀牛 (xīniú)
• 犀牛望月
• 犀牛角
• 犀甲
• 犀皮
• 犀箸
• 犀角
• 犀銳 / 犀锐
• 犀錢 / 犀钱
• 犀革 (xīgé)
• 犀頭 / 犀头
• 犀首
• 犀鳥 / 犀鸟 (xīniǎo)
• 瓠犀
• 白犀牛
• 通天犀
• 金木犀
• 靈犀 / 灵犀 (língxī)
• 靈犀相通 / 灵犀相通
• 鬥犀臺 / 斗犀台

 

Japanese

Kanji

犀

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai)
• Kan-on: せい (sei)
• Kun: かたい (katai, 犀い)、するどい (surudoi, 犀い)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
犀
さい Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 犀 (sej).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さい [sáꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sa̠i]

• • Homophones: 妻, 采, 賽, 骰子, 豺, 細, 斎, 債, 際, 載, 差異, 差違

Noun

犀(さい) or 犀(サイ) • (sai) 

1. a rhinoceros

Derived terms

• 印(イン)度(ド)犀(サイ) (Indo-sai)
• 黒(クロ)犀(サイ) (kurosai)
• ジャワ犀(サイ) (Jawa-sai)
• 白(シロ)犀(サイ) (shirosai)
• スマトラ犀(サイ) (Sumatora-sai)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犀 (MC sej). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

犀 (eumhun 무소 서 (muso seo))

1. hanja form^? of 서 (“rhinoceros”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 서각 (犀角, seogak)
• 서대 (犀帶, seodae)
• 서리 (犀利, seori)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

犀: Hán Nôm readings: tê, tây

1. a rhinoceros