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Translingual
editHan character
edit獅 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹口月 (KHHRB), four-corner 41227, composition ⿰犭師)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20609
- Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1363, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7345
Chinese
edit| trad. | 獅 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 狮 | |
| alternative forms | 師／师 archaic | |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri).
Etymology
editOriginally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded.
Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː).
Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
- Jin (Wiktionary): si1
- Northern Min (KCR): sú
- Eastern Min (BUC): săi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shih
- Wade–Giles: shih1
- Yale: shr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si1
- Yale: sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si1
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: săi
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- su/sir - literary;
- sai - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: srij
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sri/
Definitions
edit獅
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 人中獅子 / 人中狮子 (rén zhōng shīzi)
- 北獅 / 北狮 (běishī)
- 南獅 / 南狮 (nánshī)
- 好鼻獅 / 好鼻狮 (hó-phīⁿ-sai) (Min Nan)
- 小獅座 / 小狮座 (Xiǎoshīzuò)
- 弄獅 / 弄狮
- 河東獅吼 / 河东狮吼 (hédōng-shīhǒu)
- 河東獅子 / 河东狮子 (hédōngshīzi)
- 海獅 / 海狮 (hǎishī)
- 獅南 / 狮南 (Shīnán)
- 獅城 / 狮城 (Shīchéng)
- 獅子 / 狮子 (shīzi)
- 獅子口 / 狮子口 (Shīzikǒu)
- 獅子吼 / 狮子吼 (shīzihǒu)
- 獅子山 / 狮子山 (Shīzǐshān)
- 獅子座 / 狮子座 (Shīzizuò)
- 獅子搏兔 / 狮子搏兔
- 獅子會 / 狮子会
- 獅子狗 / 狮子狗 (shīzigǒu)
- 獅子頭 / 狮子头 (shīzitóu)
- 獅嶼 / 狮屿 (Shīyǔ)
- 獅潭 / 狮潭 (Shītán)
- 獅舞 / 狮舞
- 獅蠻 / 狮蛮 (shīmán)
- 獅鷲 / 狮鹫 (shījiù)
- 珞獅路 / 珞狮路 (Luòshīlù)
- 睡獅 / 睡狮
- 石獅子 / 石狮子 (shíshīzi)
- 舞獅 / 舞狮 (wǔshī)
- 蟻獅 / 蚁狮
- 雌獅 / 雌狮
- 風獅爺 / 风狮爷 (Fēngshīyé)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02534
- “Entry #9751”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
editKanji
edit- a lion
Readings
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 獅 (MC srij).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editVery rarely used on its own. The shishi reading is almost always spelled as 獅子.
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 獅 (MC srij). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
edit
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit獅: Hán Việt readings: sư[1][2][3]
獅: Nôm readings: sư[4][5][6]
References
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms derived from Iranian languages
- Chinese terms derived from Tocharian languages
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
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- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading し
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading し
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
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- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
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- Vietnamese Nom