琵琶
Chinese
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (琵琶) | 琵 | 琶 | |
simp. #(琵琶) | 琵 | 琶 | |
alternative forms | 枇杷 批把 鼙婆 |
Etymology
editBorrowed from a language in the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty. Compare Persian بربط (barbat, “barbat; lute”), Ancient Greek βάρβιτος (bárbitos, “barbitos; ancient stringed instrument”).
Both characters were initially non-checked-tone characters. Reborrowed during the Tang Dynasty from a source that more closely resembles the modern Persian name of the instrument, both characters were read as if they have checked codas. The original non-checked readings were restored after the Ming Dynasty (bat carving head pipa). Compare the modern checked-tone dialectal readings of 枇杷 (pípá).
Much folk etymology exists surrounding the name origin. The dictionary Shiming [2nd CE] explains the name as 批把 (“slap-grasp”), reflecting the plucking movements while playing the stringed instrument. 琵琶 is also cognate with—and possibly gave rise to the name of (due to the similarity in shape)—枇杷 (pípá, “loquat”), which is also a non-native species.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pei4 paa4 / pei4 paa4-2
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): bǐ-bǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): bì-bà
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bi-bo
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ ㄆㄚˊ → ㄆㄧˊ ˙ㄆㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: pípå
- Wade–Giles: pʻi2-pʻa5
- Yale: pí-pa
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi.par
- Palladius: пипа (pipa)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi³⁵ pʰä³⁵/ → /pʰi³⁵ pʰä³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 批把
枇把
枇杷
琵琶
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pei4 paa4 / pei4 paa4-2
- Yale: pèih pàh / pèih pá
- Cantonese Pinyin: pei4 paa4 / pei4 paa4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: péi4 pa4 / péi4 pa4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹/, /pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹⁻³⁵/
- Homophones:
枇杷
琵琶
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phì-phà
- Hakka Romanization System: piˇ paˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pi2 pa2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹ pʰa¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: pi pa
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵ pʰa⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǐ-bǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹ pa²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bì-bà
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵³⁻³³ (p-)βa⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî-pê
- Tâi-lô: kî-pê
- Phofsit Daibuun: ki'pee
- IPA (Xiamen): /ki²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî-pê
- Tâi-lô: gî-pê
- Phofsit Daibuun: gi'pee
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khî-pê
- Tâi-lô: khî-pê
- Phofsit Daibuun: qi'pee
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pî-pêe
- Tâi-lô: pî-pêe
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi¹³⁻²² pɛ¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bi5 bê5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pî pê
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pe⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: bjij bae
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*bi braː/
Noun
edit琵琶
- pipa (plucked Chinese string instrument)
- 千呼萬喚始出來,猶抱琵琶半遮面。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 816, 白居易 (Bai Juyi), 琵琶行 (The Song of the Pipa Player)
- Qiānhūwànhuàn shǐ chūlái, yóu bào pípá bàn zhē miàn. [Pinyin]
- Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us,
Still hiding half her face from us behind her pipa.
千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Derived terms
editDescendants
editOthers:
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
琵 | 琶 |
び Jinmeiyō |
は > わ Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
Etymology
edit/bipa/ → /bifa/ → /biwa/
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 琵琶 (MC bjij bae). The sound change of /f/ → /w/ is unusual in Sino-Japanese vocabulary.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
edit- 琵琶合わせ, 琵琶合せ (biwa-awase)
- 琵琶歌 (biwauta)
- 琵琶打ち (biwa-uchi)
- 琵琶貝 (biwagai)
- 琵琶形銅剣 (biwa-gata dōken)
- 琵琶蟹 (biwagani)
- 琵琶記 (Biwaki)
- 琵琶湖 (Biwako)
- 琵琶行 (Biwakō)
- 琵琶琴 (biwagoto)
- 琵琶滝 (Biwa-daki)
- 琵琶の琴 (biwa no koto)
- 琵琶羽衣 (biwa hagoromo)
- 琵琶法師 (biwa hōshi)
- 琵琶鱒 (biwamasu)
- 楽琵琶 (gaku biwa)
- 薩摩琵琶 (Satsuma biwa)
- 筑前琵琶 (Chikuzen biwa)
- 筑紫琵琶 (Tsukushi biwa)
- 錦琵琶 (nishiki biwa)
- 平家琵琶 (Heike biwa)
- 盲僧琵琶 (mōsō biwa)
See also
editProper noun
edit- a place name
- a surname
References
editKorean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
琵 | 琶 |
Noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
琵 | 琶 |
Noun
edit琵琶
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Cantonese terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 琵
- Chinese terms spelled with 琶
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese disyllabic morphemes
- zh:String instruments
- Japanese terms spelled with 琵 read as び
- Japanese terms spelled with 琶 read as は
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese surnames
- ja:String instruments
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- ko:String instruments
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- vi:String instruments