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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Han character
edit甘 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿一 (TM), four-corner 44770, composition ⿻廿一)
- Kangxi radical #99, ⽢.
Derived characters
edit- Appendix:Chinese radical/甘
- 佄, 咁, 坩, 姏, 𡶑, 𭚩, 㤌, 拑, 泔, 𭤭, 柑, 㶰, 玵, 𦚕, 𭾧, 𥑠, 𥞈, 𥩩, 粓, 紺(绀), 𦕐, 蚶, 𧣑, 詌(𬣠), 𧮳, 𧵊(𬥴), 𫏄, 酣, 𨱫, 𫥕, 𭉀, 鉗(钳), 𤊼, 𫺦, 𩖺, 𩚵(𩠁), 𩢨, 魽(𫠐), 黚, 𫴐, 𪖟, 𪗳(𬹾)
- 邯, 𣢟, 𢎌, 𨚠, 䲺, 某, 䗣, 𠤔, 𭇐, 𭓣, 苷, 𥞌, 䇞, 雸, 𩬚, 𬓶, 𪏽, 𢇾, 疳, 𨳼
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 753, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21643
- Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2413, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7518
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
甘 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 甘 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogram (指事) – something (perhaps sweet) in an open mouth; the original drawing is 𠁿. Original form of 含. See also 敢, 旨, 香, and 音.
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klum (“sweet”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thlum, Lepcha [script needed] (khlyam).
Possibly related to 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to keep in mouth”) and 甜 (OC *l'iːm, “sweet”), 柑 (MC kam, “mandarin orange”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gan1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ган (gan, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gon1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gan1
- Northern Min (KCR): gó̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): găng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1koe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gan
- Wade–Giles: kan1
- Yale: gān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
- Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gan1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gan
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ган (gan, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kæ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gam1
- Yale: gām
- Cantonese Pinyin: gam1
- Guangdong Romanization: gem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gam1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kam³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gon1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɵn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm
- Hakka Romanization System: gamˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam1
- Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gamˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kam⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kam - literary;
- kaⁿ - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: kam
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[a]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/
Definitions
edit甘
- sweet
- pleasant; satisfactory
- willingly; readily
- (Cantonese, ironic) bitter; difficult to bear
- a surname
- 甘寧/甘宁 ― Gān Níng ― Gan Ning (military general serving under Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
- Short for 甘肅/甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).
Synonyms
edit- (sweet):
Antonyms
edit- (antonym(s) of “sweet”): 苦 (kǔ)
Compounds
edit- 不甘 (bùgān)
- 不甘寂寞 (bùgānjìmò)
- 不甘後人 / 不甘后人 (bùgānhòurén)
- 不甘心
- 不甘示弱 (bùgānshìruò)
- 不甘雌伏
- 不甘食貧 / 不甘食贫
- 不知甘苦
- 供膳甘肥
- 倒吃甘蔗
- 分甘
- 分甘共苦
- 同甘共苦 (tónggāngòngkǔ)
- 同甘同苦
- 善罷甘休 / 善罢甘休 (shànbàgānxiū)
- 嚥苦吞甘 / 咽苦吞甘
- 回甘 (huígān)
- 幣厚言甘 / 币厚言甘
- 幣重言甘 / 币重言甘
- 心甘情願 / 心甘情愿 (xīngānqíngyuàn)
- 旨甘
- 普降甘霖
- 樂貧甘賤 / 乐贫甘贱
- 沛雨甘霖
- 爐甘石 / 炉甘石 (lúgānshí)
- 甘之如薺 / 甘之如荠
- 甘之如飴 / 甘之如饴 (gānzhīrúyí)
- 甘之若素
- 甘之若飴 / 甘之若饴
- 甘井先竭 (gānjǐngxiānjié)
- 甘休 (gānxiū)
- 甘伏
- 甘冒虎口
- 甘冽
- 甘分
- 甘分隨時 / 甘分随时
- 甘加 (Gānjiā)
- 甘受 (gānshòu)
- 甘味 (gānwèi)
- 甘地主義 / 甘地主义
- 甘塘坳 (Gāntáng'ào)
- 甘始
- 甘孜 (Gānzī)
- 甘孜藏族自治州 (Gānzī Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu)
- 甘家廠 / 甘家厂 (Gānjiāchǎng)
- 甘居中游
- 甘心 (gānxīn)
- 甘心如薺 / 甘心如荠
- 甘心情願 / 甘心情愿
- 甘心瞑目
- 甘心鈇鉞 / 甘心𫓧钺
- 甘拜下風 / 甘拜下风 (gānbàixiàfēng)
- 甘旨
- 甘旨肥濃 / 甘旨肥浓
- 甘服
- 甘木 (Gānmù)
- 甘棠 (gāntáng)
- 甘棠之惠
- 甘棠有蔭 / 甘棠有荫
- 甘棠遺愛 / 甘棠遗爱
- 甘死如飴 / 甘死如饴 (gānsǐrúyí)
- 甘比亞 / 甘比亚 (Gānbǐyà)
- 甘毳
- 甘水
- 甘油 (gānyóu)
- 甘泉 (gānquán)
- 甘泉必竭
- 甘涼 / 甘凉
- 甘珠爾 / 甘珠尔
- 甘瓜苦蒂
- 甘甜 (gāntián)
- 甘盡苦來 / 甘尽苦来
- 甘納豆 / 甘纳豆
- 甘紫菜
- 甘結 / 甘结 (gānjié)
- 甘羅 / 甘罗
- 甘美 (gānměi)
- 甘羞
- 甘肅 / 甘肃 (Gānsù)
- 甘脆 (gāncuì)
- 甘膬
- 甘芳
- 甘苦 (gānkǔ)
- 甘茂
- 甘草 (gāncǎo)
- 甘草人物
- 甘草粉
- 甘菊 (gānjú)
- 甘蔗
- 甘蔗板
- 甘蔗顛子 / 甘蔗颠子
- 甘蕉 (gānjiāo)
- 甘藍 / 甘蓝 (gānlán)
- 甘薯 (gānshǔ)
- 甘薯簽 / 甘薯签
- 甘薯葉 / 甘薯叶
- 甘藷 / 甘薯 (gānshǔ)
- 甘處下流 / 甘处下流
- 甘蠅 / 甘蝇
- 甘言 (gānyán)
- 甘言厚幣 / 甘言厚币
- 甘言厚禮 / 甘言厚礼
- 甘言好辭 / 甘言好辞
- 甘言巧辭 / 甘言巧辞
- 甘言美語 / 甘言美语
- 甘谷 (Gāngǔ)
- 甘貧守分 / 甘贫守分
- 甘貧守志 / 甘贫守志
- 甘貧守節 / 甘贫守节
- 甘貧樂道 / 甘贫乐道
- 甘迺迪角
- 甘醴
- 甘限
- 甘雨 (gānyǔ)
- 甘雨隨車 / 甘雨随车
- 甘霖 (gānlín)
- 甘露 (gānlù)
- 甘露之變 / 甘露之变
- 甘露子
- 甘露水漿 / 甘露水浆
- 甘露法雨
- 甘露滋心
- 甘願 / 甘愿 (gānyuàn)
- 甘食褕衣
- 甘馨之費 / 甘馨之费
- 甘鮮 / 甘鲜
- 甜甘
- 硝化甘油 (xiāohuàgānyóu)
- 結球甘藍 / 结球甘蓝 (jiéqiú gānlán)
- 絕甘分少 / 绝甘分少
- 美甘甘
- 美食甘寢 / 美食甘寝
- 肥甘
- 自甘墮落 / 自甘堕落 (zìgānduòluò)
- 苦盡甘來 / 苦尽甘来 (kǔjìngānlái)
- 荒漠甘泉
- 莫甘
- 蒲甘 (Púgān)
- 蔫甘
- 褕衣甘食
- 誓不甘休
- 輸服甘結 / 输服甘结
- 食不求甘
- 食不甘味
- 飫甘饜肥 / 饫甘餍肥
- 黃甘甘 / 黄甘甘
References
edit- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “甘”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 194.
Japanese
editKanji
edit甘
Readings
edit- Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)
- Kun: あまい (amai, 甘い, Jōyō)、うまい (umai, 甘い)、あまんじる (amanjiru, 甘んじる)、あまやかす (amayakasu, 甘やかす, Jōyō)、あまえる (amaeru, 甘える, Jōyō)
Etymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
甘 |
かん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 甘 (MC kam).
Pronunciation
editAffix
editDerived terms
editKorean
editHanja
edit甘 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
Vietnamese
editHan character
editCompounds
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading かん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading かむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading かむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あま・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うま・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あま・んじる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あま・やかす
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あま・える
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