碧

碧 U+78A7, 碧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78A7 ← 碦 [U+78A6] CJK Unified Ideographs 碨 → [U+78A8]

Translingual

Han character

碧 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一日一口 (MAMR), four-corner 1660₁, composition ⿱珀石)

Derived characters

• 𬠲, 𬬓, 𧓮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24334
• Dae Jaweon: page 1249, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2441, character 6
• Unihan data for U+78A7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		碧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
怕	*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕	*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕	*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦	*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	*praɡ, *preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praɡ, *preɡ) : semantic 王 (“jade”) + semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bi²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): bet²

• Gan (Wiktionary): bit⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pit

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bid⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): bieh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): bĭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): pék
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phek / phiak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pêg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷piq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bì
    • Wade–Giles: pi⁴
    • Yale: bì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
    • Palladius: би (bi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: bi²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bik¹
    • Yale: bīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: big¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: bet²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pet̚⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: bit⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pit̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit
    • Hakka Romanization System: bid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pit̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: bieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
    • Tâi-lô: phik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
    • Tâi-lô: phiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰek̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷piq
    • MiniDict: pih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴piq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɪʔ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: bi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 碧
Mandarin	Beijing	/pi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pi⁵³/
	Jinan	/pi²¹/
	Qingdao	/pi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pi²¹/
	Xining	/pji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pi³¹/
	Guiyang	/pi²¹/
	Kunming	/pi³¹/
	Nanjing	/piʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/piəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/piəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/piʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/piəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/piɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/piʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/pi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/pi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/pʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/piʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pit̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/pit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pik̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbek̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjiek

Rime
Character	碧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	昔 (124)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彼役切
Baxter	pjiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pwiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwiajk̚/
Li Rong	/piuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/pĭwɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯wɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*prak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praɡ/, /*preɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	碧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bì
Middle Chinese	‹ pjæk ›
Old Chinese	/*prak/
English	light blue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	碧	碧
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	219	221
Phonetic component	白	白
Rime group	鐸	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	碧	碧
Old Chinese	/*praɡ/	/*preɡ/

Definitions

碧

1. green jade
2. blue-green

Synonyms

• (blue-green):

edit

• 深綠 / 深绿 (shēnlǜ)
• 濃綠 / 浓绿 (nónglǜ)
• 碧綠 / 碧绿 (bìlǜ)
• 翠綠 / 翠绿 (cuìlǜ)
• 蔥 / 葱 (literary, or in compounds)
• 金龜綠 / 金龟绿 (Hokkien)
• 鈂綠 / 𬬵绿 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 青綠 / 青绿 (qīnglǜ)
• 墨綠 / 墨绿 (mòlǜ)
• 墨綠色 / 墨绿色 (mòlǜsè)
• 黛綠 / 黛绿 (dàilǜ) (literary)

 

Compounds

• 一碧
• 小家碧玉 (xiǎojiābìyù)
• 澄碧 (chéngbì)
• 看朱成碧
• 碧山
• 碧桃
• 碧水 (bìshuǐ)
• 碧池 (bìchí)
• 碧波 (bìbō)
• 碧油油
• 碧波萬頃 / 碧波万顷
• 碧海 (bìhǎi)
• 碧海青天
• 碧清 (bìqīng)
• 碧溪
• 碧澄
• 碧潭
• 碧澄澄
• 碧玉 (bìyù)
• 碧璽 / 碧玺 (bìxǐ)
• 碧瓦
• 碧眼 (bìyǎn)
• 碧空 (bìkōng)
• 碧空如洗
• 碧綠 / 碧绿 (bìlǜ)
• 碧草如茵
• 碧落 (bìluò)
• 碧藍 / 碧蓝 (bìlán)
• 碧蘿春 / 碧萝春
• 碧螺春 (bìluóchūn)
• 碧血 (bìxuè)
• 碧血丹心
• 金幣山水 / 金币山水
• 金碧熒煌 / 金碧荧煌
• 金碧輝煌 / 金碧辉煌 (jīnbìhuīhuáng)
• 金髮碧眼 / 金发碧眼 (jīnfàbìyǎn)
• 雕楹碧檻 / 雕楹碧槛
• 雪碧 (Xuěbì)

 

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: biếc (“bluish green; azure blue”)

References

• “碧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

碧

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. blue
2. green

Readings

• Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
• Kan-on: へき (heki)
• Kun: みどり (midori, 碧)、あお (ao, 碧)

Compounds

• 碧雲(へきうん) (hekiun)
• 碧海(へきかい) (hekikai)
• 碧眼(へきがん) (hekigan)
• 碧虚(へききょ) (hekikyo)
• 碧玉(へきぎょく) (hekigyoku)
• 碧空(へきくう) (hekikū)
• 碧鵲(ヘキサン) (hekisan)
• 碧山(へきざん) (hekizan)
• 碧霄(へきしょう) (hekishō)
• 碧色(へきしょく) (hekishoku)
• 碧水(へきすい) (hekisui)
• 碧天(へきてん) (hekiten)
• 碧落(へきらく) (hekiraku)
• 紺碧(こんぺき) (konpeki)
• 三碧(さんぺき) (sanpeki)
• 丹碧(たんへき) (tanheki)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 碧 (MC pjiek). Recorded as Middle Korean 벽 (pyek) (Yale: pyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pjʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [벽]

Hanja

Wikisource

碧 (eumhun 푸를 벽 (pureul byeok))

1. hanja form^? of 벽 (“blue-green”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 단벽 (丹碧, danbyeok)
• 벽안 (碧眼, byeogan)
• 벽옥 (碧玉, byeogok)
• 상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

碧: Hán Nôm readings: bích, biếc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.