Wiktionary

秋

See also: 秌 and 鞦
秋 U+79CB, 秋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79CB
← 秊
[U+79CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 秌 →
[U+79CC]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

秋 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火 (HDF), four-corner 29980, composition ⿰禾火)

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24940
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+79CB

Chinese

edit

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 秋
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Characters in the same phonetic series (秋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鍫 *sʰew
篍 *sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw
愀 *sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ
湫 *ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ
揪 *ʔsɯw
揫 *ʔsɯw
啾 *ʔsɯw
鬏 *ʔsɯw
秋 *sʰɯw
鰍 *sʰɯw
楸 *sʰɯw
秌 *sʰɯw
鞦 *sʰɯw
鶖 *sʰɯw
萩 *sʰɯw
甃 *ʔsrɯws
醔 *sʰrɯw
愁 *zrɯw
僽 *zrɯws

The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (象形) of a cricket or a locust, sometimes with a fire 火 glyph underneath. In its later form, became a Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰɯw) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + abbreviated phonetic 𤒅 (). Often thought of as an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 禾 (“grain”) + 火 (“fire”); after harvesting the grain, the fields are burned to kill locusts and their eggs.

Etymology 1

edit
trad. 秋
simp. # 秋
alternative forms
秌
𤇫
𥝛
𥡄
𥡌
秌
𤇫
𥝛
𥡄
𥡌
𥤚
𥤛
𪺋
𥤠
𪔁
𪚼
𪛁
龝
 

Unclear.

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *tshiu < Proto-Chinese *C-nh(i)u and proposes its cognacy to either:

  • 收 (OC *(n)hiu, “to reap, harvest, gather”); or
  • 卒 (OC *tsut, “to finish, end, die”), as vegetation dies in autumn; additionally in Zuozhuan, this word's referent was winter's dead vegetation.

Alternatively, Sagart (2023b) relates 秋 (OC *tsʰiw) to 揫 (OC *[dz]iw, “to collect, bring together”), whose Old Chinese reconstruction should possibly be amended to *m-tsʰiw or *m-tsiw.

Pronunciation

edit
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 秋
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiou²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰiou²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰiou³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰʰiəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰiəɯ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiø³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰɤu³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiu³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰiəu³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰiəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰiu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐu⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰiu³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /siu²³/
Rime
Character 秋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七由切
Baxter tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰuw/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiu/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 秋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsʰiw/
English autumn; crop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 秋
Reading # 1/1
No. 10537
Phonetic
component 		秋
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		秋
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰɯw/

Definitions

edit

秋

  1. harvest season
    麥秋／麦秋  ―  màiqiū  ―  harvest season for wheat
  2. autumn; fall
    深秋  ―  shēnqiū  ―  late autumn
  3. (literary) year
    千秋萬代／千秋万代  ―  qiānqiūwàndài  ―  the ages to come
    一日不見，如隔三秋 [MSC, trad.]
    一日不见，如隔三秋 [MSC, simp.]
    yī rì bù jiàn, rú gé sān qiū [Pinyin]
    a single day apart seems like three years
  4. period; time
    多事之秋  ―  duōshìzhīqiū  ―  troubled period
  5. autumn crops
  6. a surname
    秋瑾  ―  Qiū Jǐn  ―  Qiu Jin (Chinese revolutionary)
See also
edit
Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
春 (chūn, “spring”) 夏 (xià, “summer”) 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (dōng, “winter”)

Compounds

edit

Etymology 2

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 秋 – see 鞦 (“swing”).
(This character is the simplified form of 鞦).
Notes:

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
秋

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. autumn

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
  • Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)←しう (siu, historical)
  • Kun: あき (aki, 秋, Jōyō)、とき (toki, 秋)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

Etymology

edit
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
秋
あき
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨aki1⟩ → */akʲi/ → /aki/

From Old Japanese.

Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.

Pronunciation

edit
  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [1]

Noun

edit

秋(あき) • (aki) 

  1. autumn, fall (season)

Synonyms

edit

Derived terms

edit
Derived terms

See also

edit
Seasons in Japanese · 四(し)季(き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
春(はる) (haru, “spring”)
春(しゅん)季(き) (shunki, “spring”)
春(しゅん)期(き) (shunki, “spring period”) 		夏(なつ) (natsu, “summer”)
夏(か)季(き) (kaki, “summer”)
夏(か)期(き) (kaki, “summer period”) 		秋(あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”)
秋(しゅう)季(き) (shūki, “fall; autumn”)
秋(しゅう)期(き) (shūki, “fall period”) 		冬(ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”)
冬(とう)季(き) (tōki, “winter”)
冬(とう)期(き) (tōki, “winter period”)

References

edit
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “あき 【秋】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 秋 (MC tshjuw).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 츄ᇢ (Yale: chyùw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆯ (Yale: kòzòl) 츄 (Yale: chyù)

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

秋 (eumhun 가을 추 (ga'eul chu))

  1. hanja form? of 추 (“autumn; fall”) [affix]

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Okinawan

edit

Kanji

edit
秋

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. autumn; fall

Readings

edit

Etymology

edit
Kanji in this term
秋
あち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

秋(あち) (achi) 

  1. autumn; fall

References

edit
  • “あち【秋】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

秋: Hán Nôm readings: thu

  1. chữ Hán form of thu (“fall, autumn”).

Derived terms

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=秋&oldid=83110301"
  NODES
eth 1
see 9