|
|
Translingual
editHan character
edit粒 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木卜廿 (FDYT), four-corner 90918, composition ⿰米立)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26884
- Dae Jaweon: page 1333, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3145, character 12
- Unihan data for U+7C92
Chinese
edittrad. | 粒 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 粒 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 粒 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯb) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): li̊q
- Cantonese (Jyutping): nap1 / lap1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): lăk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8liq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (粒兒 / 粒儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìr
- Wade–Giles: li4-ʼrh
- Yale: lìr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liell
- Palladius: лир (lir)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liə̯ɻ⁵¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: li̊q
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): liq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /liʔ⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nap1 / lap1
- Yale: nāp / lāp
- Cantonese Pinyin: nap7 / lap7
- Guangdong Romanization: neb1 / leb1
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐp̚⁵/, /lɐp̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lia̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: liab
- Hagfa Pinyim: liab6
- Sinological IPA: /li̯ap̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lăk
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃aʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- lia̍p - vernacular (“grain; small particle; classifier for small, round objects; classifier for any round, solid objects; with hard grains and not mushy”);
- li̍p - literary.
- Middle Chinese: lip
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rəp/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯb/
Definitions
edit粒
- grain
- small particle
- Classifier for small, round objects: granule, grain, particle, piece ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- (Hokkien, Eastern Min, Taiwanese, Singapore and Malaysian Mandarin) Classifier for any round, solid objects.
- (Hokkien) with hard grains and not mushy (of rice)
- (Cantonese) Classifier for hours.
- (Cantonese) Classifier for offspring.
- (Cantonese) Classifier for pips (insignia).
- (Cantonese, by extension) high-ranking police officer; police officer with pips
- (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for money: ten thousand yuan, dollars, etc.
Compounds
edit- 半粒
- 反粒子 (fǎnlìzǐ)
- 團粒 / 团粒
- 基本粒子 (jīběn lìzǐ)
- 大粒
- 微粒 (wēilì)
- 晶粒生長 / 晶粒生长
- 杯水粒粟
- 玉粒
- 番麥粒 / 番麦粒
- 米粒 (mǐlì)
- 米粒之珠
- 籽粒 (zǐlì)
- 粒兒 / 粒儿 (lìr)
- 粒子
- 粒度
- 粒米束薪
- 粒米狼戾
- 粒肥 (lìféi)
- 粒變岩 / 粒变岩
- 粒選 / 粒选
- 粒雪
- 細粒 / 细粒
- 細顆粒物 / 细颗粒物 (xìkēlìwù)
- 絕粒 / 绝粒
- 線粒體 / 线粒体 (xiànlìtǐ)
- 脫粒 / 脱粒 (tuōlì)
- 辟穀絕粒 / 辟谷绝粒
- 阿伐粒子
- 顆粒 / 颗粒 (kēlì)
- 顆粒性 / 颗粒性
- 顆粒物 / 颗粒物 (kēlìwù)
- 飛芻輓粒 / 飞刍挽粒
- 飯粒 / 饭粒 (fànlì)
- 麥粒腫 / 麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
References
edit- “粒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[6], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #7738”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)←りふ (rifu, historical)
- Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)←りふ (rifu, historical)
- Kun: つぶ (tsubu, 粒, Jōyō)
Compounds
edit- 粒子 (ryūshi, “particle”)
- 粒状 (ryūjō, “granulated”)
- 粒食 (ryūshoku, “eating grains, especially rice”)
- 粒米 (ryūmai, “drop of rice”)
- 粒粒 (ryūryū, “drop by drop”)
- 顆粒 (karyū, “granule”)
- 穀粒 (kokuryū, “a drop of grain”)
- 粟粒 (sokuryū, “drop of foxtail millet grains”)
- 麦粒 (bakuryū, “drop of wheat grains”)
- 米粒 (beiryū, “drop of rice grains”)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
粒 |
つぶ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Not attested until a text from the Muromachi period with the spelling ツブ (tsubu).[1]
An earlier form 粒 (tsubi) exists, which might have been the predecessor to this word; both must have been ultimately derived from a source cognate to つぶら (tsubura, “the state of being round and small”, obsolete).[1][2]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- something round and small, such as a drop of grain or a bead
- the seed of a grain
- a black, hard seed obtained from the skin of a soapnut tree
- Synonym of 無患子 (mukuroji, “Indian soapberry (Sapindus mukoross)”)
- a small change of coins
- the bead of an abacus
- a person or thing who makes up a larger group of such
- a beat of a percussion instrument during performances such as noh and nagauta
- a wig used in kabuki plays whose chignon is small and round
- Synonym of 螺 (tsubu, “pond snail”, now dialectal)
- (slang, gambling) dice; die
Counter
edit- used to count things that are round and small, such as seeds and pills
- (historical, Edo period) used to count 一分金 (ichibukin, “a currency equivalent to 1/4 of a 両 (ryō)”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
粒 |
つび Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese 粒 (tubi₂), itself attested since the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794:[2]
This word, along with 粒 (tsubu), must have been derived from a source cognate to つぶら (tsubura, “the state of being round and small”, obsolete).[2][1]
Noun
edit- (obsolete) Synonym of 粒 (tsubu, “something round and small, etc.”)
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
粒 |
つぼ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
First cited to a work from the late Muromachi period; this word is a variant of 粒 (tsubu).[3]
Noun
editUsage notes
editOften used in conjunction with other nouns.
Etymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
粒 |
りゅう Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 粒 (MC lip).
Pronunciation
editAffix
editSuffix
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “つぶ 【粒】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “つび 【粒】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ “つぼ 【粒】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ “りゅう[リフ] 【粒】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 粒 (MC lip). Recorded as Middle Korean 립〮 (líp) (Yale: lip) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
edit粒 (eumhun 알 립 (al rip), word-initial (South Korea) 알 입 (al ip))
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [7]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Unspecified script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Eastern Min classifiers
- Hokkien classifiers
- Teochew classifiers
- Wu classifiers
- Middle Chinese classifiers
- Old Chinese classifiers
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 粒
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Hokkien Chinese
- Eastern Min Chinese
- Taiwanese Mandarin
- Singapore Mandarin
- Malaysian Mandarin
- Hokkien terms with quotations
- Cantonese Chinese
- Cantonese terms with quotations
- Chinese slang
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading りゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading りふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading りゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading りふ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つぶ
- Japanese terms spelled with 粒 read as つぶ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 粒
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Entries using missing taxonomic name (speciesi)
- Japanese slang
- ja:Gambling
- Japanese counters
- Japanese terms with historical senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 粒 read as つび
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 粒 read as つぼ
- Japanese terms spelled with 粒 read as りゅう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese suffixes
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters