罪人

Chinese

		guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin	man; person; people
trad. (罪人)		罪	人
simp. #(罪人)		罪	人

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuìrén

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi⁶ jan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhui-ngìn
• Northern Min (KCR): cò-nêng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chōe-jîn / chōe-lîn / chǒe-lîn / chōe-lâng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuìrén → zuìren (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄖㄣˊ → ㄗㄨㄟˋ ˙ㄖㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuèire̊n
    • Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-jên⁵
    • Yale: dzwèi-ren
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuey.ren
    • Palladius: цзуйжэнь (czujžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/ → /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 罪人 醉人

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeoi⁶ jan⁴
    • Yale: jeuih yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey⁶ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêu⁶ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯²² jɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ngìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cui ngin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cui⁴ ngin²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cò-nêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁴² neiŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-jîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuē-jîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoexjiin
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ zin²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-lîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuē-lîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoexliin
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-lîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuě-lîn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² lin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-lâng
    • Tâi-lô: tsuē-lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoexlaang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzwojX nyin

Rime
Character	罪	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徂賄切	如鄰切
Baxter	dzwojX	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuʌiX/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuoiX/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɒiX/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwəjX/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/d͡zuᴀiX/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɒiX/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuì	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeoi6	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤujʔ  ni[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zuːlʔ  njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罪	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuì	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwojX ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁujʔ/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	crime, offense	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罪	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17981	10800
Phonetic component	罪	人
Rime group	微	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	辠	仁
Old Chinese	/*zuːlʔ/	/*njin/
Notes	同辠

Noun

罪人

1. guilty person; sinner; wrongdoer

   • 上天孚佑下民，罪人黜伏。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Shàngtiān fúyòu xiàmín, zuìrén chùfú. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 千古罪人 (qiāngǔzuìrén)
• 罪人不孥
• 罪人不帑

 

Verb

罪人

1. (Classical) to take the blame on others

   罪人不孥  ―  zuìrén bù nú  ―  Take no blame on the offspring (a principle of Mencius)

• 禹、湯罪己，其興也悖焉；桀、紂罪人，其亡也忽焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  禹、汤罪己，其兴也悖焉；桀、纣罪人，其亡也忽焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

  From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

  Yǔ, Tāng zuìjǐ, qí xìng yě bèi yān; Jié, Zhòu zuìrén, qí wáng yě hū yān. [Pinyin]

  Yu and Tang blamed themselves, and their rise was indeed contrary (to expectations); Jie and Zhou blamed others, and their fall was indeed sudden.

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
罪	人
ざい Grade: 5	にん Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ざいにん [zàíníń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ざいにん [zàíníꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [d͡za̠iɲ̟ĩɴ]

Noun

罪(ざい)人(にん) • (zainin) 

1. criminal, offender, culprit
2. sinner, transgressor

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
罪	人
つみ Grade: 5	ひと > びと Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つみびと [tsùmíbító] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨmʲibʲito̞]

Noun

罪(つみ)人(びと) • (tsumibito) 

1. sinner

Korean

Hanja in this term
罪	人

Noun

罪人 • (joein) (hangeul 죄인)

1. hanja form^? of 죄인 (“criminal, convict, prisoner, culprit; sinner”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
罪	人

Noun

罪人

1. chữ Hán form of tội nhân (“sinner; wrongdoer”).