胥

胥 U+80E5, 胥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80E5 ← 胤 [U+80E4] CJK Unified Ideographs 胦 → [U+80E6]

Translingual

Han character

胥 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓人月 (NOB), four-corner 1722₇, composition ⿱疋月)

Derived characters

• 婿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 980, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29406
• Dae Jaweon: page 1432, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2064, character 10
• Unihan data for U+80E5

Chinese

trad.		胥
simp. #		胥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
疋	*ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑	*sŋas, *sŋa
壻	*sŋeːs
婿	*sŋeːs
胥	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
稰	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
楈	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
諝	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
湑	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
揟	*sŋa
醑	*sŋaʔ
糈	*sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ
楚	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras
礎	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊	*sŋ̊ʰras
綀	*sŋra
疎	*sŋra
疏	*sŋra, *sŋras
蔬	*sŋra
梳	*sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ) : phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ) + semantic 月 (“flesh”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi¹
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): su

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syu
    • Wade–Giles: hsü¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
    • Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seoi¹
    • Yale: sēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬy⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjo, sjoX

Rime
Character	胥	胥
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	相居切	私吕切
Baxter	sjo	sjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨʌ/	/sɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/siɔ/	/siɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/siɔ/	/siɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨə̆/	/sɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/siɔ/	/siɔX/
Wang Li	/sĭo/	/sĭoX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯wo/	/si̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xū	xǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi1	seoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sŋa/, /*sŋaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	胥	胥
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11767	11775
Phonetic component	疋	疋
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	胥
Old Chinese	/*sŋa/	/*sŋaʔ/
Notes		同諝

Definitions

胥

1. (historical) officer who was responsible for capturing thieves

   • 邑有成名者，操童子業，久不售。為人迂訥，遂為猾胥報充里正役。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     邑有成名者，操童子业，久不售。为人迂讷，遂为猾胥报充里正役。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 1680, Pu Songling（蒲松齡）, Cricket（《促織》）, translated by Denis C. and Victor H. Mair

     Yì yǒu Chéng Míng zhě, cāo tóngzǐyè, jiǔ bù shòu. Wéirén yūnè, suì wéi huá xū bào chōng lǐzhèng yì. [Pinyin]

     In the district there was a man named Cheng Ming, a long unsuccessful candidate for the Bachelor of Letters degree. The crafty ward administrator, seeing that Cheng was impractical and slow of speech, recommended him for the position of headman.

2. (literary) all

   • 盤庚之遷，胥怨者民也，非特朝廷士大夫而已。盤庚不為怨者改其度。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     盘庚之迁，胥怨者民也，非特朝廷士大夫而已。盘庚不为怨者改其度。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1070, Wang Anshi（王安石）, Reply to Sima Guang（答司馬諫議書）, translation based on the work by John Jamieson, 1994.

     Pángēng zhī qiān, xū yuàn zhě mín yě, fēi tè cháotíng shìdàfū éryǐ. Pángēng bùwèi yuànzhě gǎi qí dù. [Pinyin]

     When Pangeng was set to move the capital, not just officers of court but also every common people was bitterly resentful. But resentment didn't change his plan.

3. (Classical) mutually
4. a surname

Compounds

• 儲胥 / 储胥
• 吏胥
• 抄胥
• 村胥
• 淪胥 / 沦胥
• 胥吏 (xūlì)
• 胥命
• 胥役
• 胥徒
• 胥濤 / 胥涛
• 胥爢
• 胥紕 / 胥纰
• 胥靡 (xūmí)
• 胥頭 / 胥头
• 華胥 / 华胥 (Huáxū)
• 鈔胥 / 钞胥
• 閭胥 / 闾胥
• 隸胥 / 隶胥
• 靈胥 / 灵胥

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “胥”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

Japanese

Kanji

胥

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: そ (so)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho)
• Kun: あい (ai)、みな (mina, 胥)、みる (miru, 胥る)

Korean

Hanja

胥 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

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Vietnamese

Han character

胥: Hán Nôm readings: tư

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References

• Nom Foundation