自暴自棄
See also: 自暴自弃
Chinese
editto allow itself to be ignored; to throw itself away; to cause itself to be discarded | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (自暴自棄) | 自暴 | 自棄 | |
simp. (自暴自弃) | 自暴 | 自弃 |
Etymology
edit- 自暴者,不可與有言也;自棄者,不可與有為也。言非禮義,謂之自暴也;吾身不能居仁由義,謂之自棄也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zìbào zhě, bùkě yǔ yǒu yán yě; zìqì zhě, bù kě yǔ yǒu wéi yě. Yán fēi lǐyì, wèi zhī zìbào yě; wú shēn bùnéng jū rén yóu yì, wèi zhī zìqì yě. [Pinyin]
- With those who do violence to themselves, it is impossible to speak. With those who throw themselves away, it is impossible to do anything. To disown in his conversation propriety and righteousness, is what we mean by doing violence to one's self. To say "I am not able to dwell in benevolence or pursue the path of righteousness," is what we mean by throwing one's self away.
自暴者,不可与有言也;自弃者,不可与有为也。言非礼义,谓之自暴也;吾身不能居仁由义,谓之自弃也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhbàozìhcì
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-pao4-tzŭ4-chʻi4
- Yale: dz̀-bàu-dz̀-chì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhbawtzyhchih
- Palladius: цзыбаоцзыци (czybaoczyci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; literary variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄆㄨˋ ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zìhpùzìhcì
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ4-pʻu4-tzŭ4-chʻi4
- Yale: dz̀-pù-dz̀-chì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhpuhtzyhchih
- Palladius: цзыпуцзыци (czypuczyci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi6 bou6 zi6 hei3
- Yale: jih bouh jih hei
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6 bou6 dzi6 hei3
- Guangdong Romanization: ji6 bou6 ji6 héi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː²² pou̯²² t͡siː²² hei̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-phau-chhṳ-hi
- Hakka Romanization System: cii pau cii hi
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci4 pau4 ci4 hi4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ pʰau̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cii˖ pauˇ cii˖ hiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³³ pʰau¹¹ t͡sʰɨ³³ hi¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Idiom
edit自暴自棄
Descendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |||
---|---|---|---|
自 | 暴 | 自 | 棄 |
じ Grade: 2 |
ぼう Grade: 5 |
じ Grade: 2 |
き Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Adjective
edit自暴自棄 • (jibōjiki) -na (adnominal 自暴自棄な (jibōjiki na), adverbial 自暴自棄に (jibōjiki ni))
Inflection
editInflection of 自暴自棄
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 自暴自棄だろ | じぼうじきだろ | jibōjiki daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 自暴自棄で | じぼうじきで | jibōjiki de |
Terminal (終止形) | 自暴自棄だ | じぼうじきだ | jibōjiki da |
Attributive (連体形) | 自暴自棄な | じぼうじきな | jibōjiki na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 自暴自棄なら | じぼうじきなら | jibōjiki nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 自暴自棄であれ | じぼうじきであれ | jibōjiki de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 自暴自棄ではない 自暴自棄じゃない |
じぼうじきではない じぼうじきじゃない |
jibōjiki de wa nai jibōjiki ja nai |
Informal past | 自暴自棄だった | じぼうじきだった | jibōjiki datta |
Informal negative past | 自暴自棄ではなかった 自暴自棄じゃなかった |
じぼうじきではなかった じぼうじきじゃなかった |
jibōjiki de wa nakatta jibōjiki ja nakatta |
Formal | 自暴自棄です | じぼうじきです | jibōjiki desu |
Formal negative | 自暴自棄ではありません 自暴自棄じゃありません |
じぼうじきではありません じぼうじきじゃありません |
jibōjiki de wa arimasen jibōjiki ja arimasen |
Formal past | 自暴自棄でした | じぼうじきでした | jibōjiki deshita |
Formal negative past | 自暴自棄ではありませんでした 自暴自棄じゃありませんでした |
じぼうじきではありませんでした じぼうじきじゃありませんでした |
jibōjiki de wa arimasen deshita jibōjiki ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 自暴自棄で | じぼうじきで | jibōjiki de |
Conditional | 自暴自棄なら(ば) | じぼうじきなら(ば) | jibōjiki nara (ba) |
Provisional | 自暴自棄だったら | じぼうじきだったら | jibōjiki dattara |
Volitional | 自暴自棄だろう | じぼうじきだろう | jibōjiki darō |
Adverbial | 自暴自棄に | じぼうじきに | jibōjiki ni |
Degree | 自暴自棄さ | じぼうじきさ | jibōjikisa |
Noun
editCategories:
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Chinese idioms
- Mandarin idioms
- Cantonese idioms
- Hakka idioms
- Chinese chengyu
- Mandarin chengyu
- Cantonese chengyu
- Hakka chengyu
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 自
- Chinese terms spelled with 暴
- Chinese terms spelled with 棄
- Chinese chengyu derived from Mencius
- Japanese terms spelled with 自 read as じ
- Japanese terms spelled with 暴 read as ぼう
- Japanese terms spelled with 棄 read as き
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 4 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese yojijukugo