般若

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (般若)		般	若
simp. #(般若)		般	若
alternative forms		波若

Etymology

From Pali paññā, from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bōrě

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄖㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ je⁵ / but³ je⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pat-ngiâ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): po-liá / po-jiá / pat-jé / poat-jiá / poa̍t-jiá / poa̍t-ché

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ ria²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bōrě
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄖㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: borě
    • Wade–Giles: po¹-jê³
    • Yale: bwō-rě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boree
    • Palladius: божэ (božɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bo¹ je⁵ / but³ je⁵
    • Yale: bō yéh / but yéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ je⁵ / but⁸ je⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ yé⁵ / bud³ yé⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/, /puːt̚³ jɛː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pat-ngiâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: bad^ˋ ngia^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bad⁵ ngia¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pat̚² ŋi̯a²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-liá
    • Tâi-lô: po-liá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poiliar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² lia⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-jiá
    • Tâi-lô: po-jiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poijiar
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zia⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pat-jé
    • Tâi-lô: pat-jé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: patjea
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ze⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poat-jiá
    • Tâi-lô: puat-jiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poatjiar
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /puat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zia⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poa̍t-jiá
    • Tâi-lô: pua̍t-jiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poadjiar
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /puat̚⁴⁻³² zia⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poa̍t-ché
    • Tâi-lô: pua̍t-tsé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poadzea
    • IPA (Taipei): /puat̚⁴⁻³² t͡se⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /puat̚⁴⁻³² t͡se⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bo¹ ria²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po jiá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ d͡zia⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: paen nyaeX

Rime
Character	般	若
Reading #	3/3	2/3
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	布還切	人者切
Baxter	paen	nyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠan/	/ȵiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚan/	/ȵiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/pɐn/	/ȵʑiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨn/	/ȵiaX/
Li Rong	/pan/	/ȵiaX/
Wang Li	/pan/	/ȵʑĭaX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pan/	/ȵʑi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bān	rě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baan1	je5

Noun

般若

1. (Buddhism) prajñā; Buddhist transcendental wisdom

Derived terms

• 大品般若
• 般若湯 / 般若汤 (bōrětāng)
• 般若經 / 般若经

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (般若):

• → Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
• → Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
• → Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)

See also

• 智慧 (zhìhuì, “wisdom”)

References

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “般若” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
般	若
はん Grade: S	にゃ Grade: 6
kan'on	goon

Alternative spelling
波若

般若 (mask)

From Middle Chinese 般若 (MC pan nyaeX) or 般若 (MC paen nyaeX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā) or Pali paññā (“wisdom”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はんにゃ [háꜜǹnyà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [hã̠ɲ̟ːa̠]

Noun

般(はん)若(にゃ) or 般若(ハンニャ) • (hannya) 

1. (Buddhism) prajñā, Buddhist transcendental wisdom
2. (Noh) a type of mask with the appearance of a grinning horned demoness
3. a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a hannya mask
4. A star or monk's hood cactus, Astrophytum ornatum

   Hypernym: 仙人掌 (saboten)

5. Short for 般若面 (hannyazura): a dreadful face
6. a 伽羅 (kyara)-class aromatic wood

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 般(はん)若(にゃ)経(きょう) (Hannya-kyō)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)寺(じ) (Hannya-ji)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)時(じ) (hannyaji)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)心(しん)経(ぎょう) (Hannya Shingyō)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)隈(ぐま) (hannyaguma)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)声(ごえ) (hannyagoe)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)面(づら) (hannyazura)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)湯(とう) (hannyatō, obscure Buddhist priest jargon for "sake")
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)の船(ふね) (hannya no fune)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)の面(めん) (hannya no men)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みつ) (hannya-haramitsu)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) (hannya-haramitta)
• 般若(はんにゃ)面(めん) (hannyamen)
• 金(こん)剛(ごう)般(はん)若(にゃ) (Kongō Hannya)

See also

• 知恵(ちえ), 智慧(ちえ) (chie, “wisdom”)

Proper noun

般(はん)若(にゃ) • (Hannya) 

1. Short for 般若経 (Hannya-kyō): the Great Perfection of Wisdom collection of sutras
2. Short for 般若寺 (Hannya-ji): the Hannya Temple in Nara

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
般	若

Noun

般若

1. chữ Hán form of bát nhã (“prajñā, Buddhist transcendental wisdom”).