苟且
Chinese
editif indeed; thoughtless | further; moreover | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (苟且) | 苟 | 且 | |
simp. #(苟且) | 苟 | 且 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gau2 ce2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kió-chhiáⁿ / kó͘-chhiáⁿ
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧㄝˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǒuciě
- Wade–Giles: kou3-chʻieh3
- Yale: gǒu-chyě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goouchiee
- Palladius: гоуце (gouce)
- Sinological IPA (key): /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gau2 ce2
- Yale: gáu ché
- Cantonese Pinyin: gau2 tse2
- Guangdong Romanization: geo2 cé2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió-chhiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kió-tshiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kioychviar
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chhiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kóo-tshiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kofchviar
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiã⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Adjective
edit苟且
- negligent; careless; perfunctory
- not observant of propriety
- illicit (usually of sexual relations)
Synonyms
edit- (careless):
Adverb
edit苟且
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editJapanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
苟 | 且 |
こう Hyōgai |
しょ Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 苟且 (MC kuwX tshjaeX).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit苟且 • (kōsho) -na (adnominal 苟且な (kōsho na), adverbial 苟且に (kōsho ni))
Inflection
editInflection of 苟且
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 苟且だろ | こうしょだろ | kōsho daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 苟且で | こうしょで | kōsho de |
Terminal (終止形) | 苟且だ | こうしょだ | kōsho da |
Attributive (連体形) | 苟且な | こうしょな | kōsho na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 苟且なら | こうしょなら | kōsho nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 苟且であれ | こうしょであれ | kōsho de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 苟且ではない 苟且じゃない |
こうしょではない こうしょじゃない |
kōsho de wa nai kōsho ja nai |
Informal past | 苟且だった | こうしょだった | kōsho datta |
Informal negative past | 苟且ではなかった 苟且じゃなかった |
こうしょではなかった こうしょじゃなかった |
kōsho de wa nakatta kōsho ja nakatta |
Formal | 苟且です | こうしょです | kōsho desu |
Formal negative | 苟且ではありません 苟且じゃありません |
こうしょではありません こうしょじゃありません |
kōsho de wa arimasen kōsho ja arimasen |
Formal past | 苟且でした | こうしょでした | kōsho deshita |
Formal negative past | 苟且ではありませんでした 苟且じゃありませんでした |
こうしょではありませんでした こうしょじゃありませんでした |
kōsho de wa arimasen deshita kōsho ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 苟且で | こうしょで | kōsho de |
Conditional | 苟且なら(ば) | こうしょなら(ば) | kōsho nara (ba) |
Provisional | 苟且だったら | こうしょだったら | kōsho dattara |
Volitional | 苟且だろう | こうしょだろう | kōsho darō |
Adverbial | 苟且に | こうしょに | kōsho ni |
Degree | 苟且さ | こうしょさ | kōshosa |
Noun
edit- (uncommon) something temporary or provisional
Verb
edit苟且する • (kōsho suru) suru (stem 苟且し (kōsho shi), past 苟且した (kōsho shita))
- (uncommon) to do something temporarily, to put something temporary in place
Conjugation
editConjugation of "苟且する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 苟且し | こうしょし | kōsho shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 苟且し | こうしょし | kōsho shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 苟且する | こうしょする | kōsho suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 苟且する | こうしょする | kōsho suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 苟且すれ | こうしょすれ | kōsho sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 苟且せよ¹ 苟且しろ² |
こうしょせよ¹ こうしょしろ² |
kōsho seyo¹ kōsho shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 苟且される | こうしょされる | kōsho sareru | |
Causative | 苟且させる 苟且さす |
こうしょさせる こうしょさす |
kōsho saseru kōsho sasu | |
Potential | 苟且できる | こうしょできる | kōsho dekiru | |
Volitional | 苟且しよう | こうしょしよう | kōsho shiyō | |
Negative | 苟且しない | こうしょしない | kōsho shinai | |
Negative continuative | 苟且せず | こうしょせず | kōsho sezu | |
Formal | 苟且します | こうしょします | kōsho shimasu | |
Perfective | 苟且した | こうしょした | kōsho shita | |
Conjunctive | 苟且して | こうしょして | kōsho shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 苟且すれば | こうしょすれば | kōsho sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
苟 | 且 |
かりそめ | |
Hyōgai | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
For pronunciation and definitions of 苟且 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 苟且, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
edit- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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