荊棘

See also: 荆棘

Chinese

		thorns; brambles	thorns
trad. (荊棘/荆棘)		荊/荆	棘
simp. (荆棘)		荆	棘

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngjí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ gik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-kit
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): keng-kek / keng-kiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹ gêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingjí
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-chi²
  - Yale: jīng-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjyi
  - Palladius: цзинцзи (czinczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    經籍 / 经籍
    荊棘 / 荆棘
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ gik¹
  - Yale: gīng gīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ gik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ gig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-kit
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˊ gid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ gid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ kit̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-kek
  - Tâi-lô: king-kik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengkeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-kiak
  - Tâi-lô: king-kiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengkiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹ gêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng kek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³⁻²³ kek̚²/

Middle Chinese: kjaeng kik

Rime
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉卿切	紀力切
Baxter	kjaeng	kik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/	/kɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/	/kɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/	/kiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/	/kik̚/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/	/kiək̚/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/	/kĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/	/ki̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging¹	gik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]reŋ krək/

(Zhengzhang): /*keŋ krɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›	‹ kik ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]reŋ/	/*krək/
English	briar	thorns
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6851	5745
Phonetic component	井	棘
Rime group	耕	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚	殛
Old Chinese	/*keŋ/	/*krɯɡ/

Noun

荊棘

(literally, botany) thistles and thorns; brambles; thorny undergrowth
- 師之所處，荊棘生焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  师之所处，荆棘生焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Shī zhī suǒ chǔ, jīngjí shēng yān. [Pinyin]
  Wherever a host is stationed, briars and thorns spring up.
(literary, figurative) difficult situation; dangerous circumstances
(literary, figurative) scheming sycophant
(literary, figurative) animosity; hostility; ill will; grudge

Synonyms

(scheming sycophant): (literary) 姦佞／奸佞 (jiānnìng)
(animosity):

嫌隙 (xiánxì)
碴兒 / 碴儿 (chár) (colloquial)
芥蒂 (jièdì) (literary, figurative)

Adjective

荊棘

(literary, figurative) chaotic; disorderly

Synonyms

一塌糊塗 / 一塌糊涂
亂 / 乱 (luàn)
亂七八糟 / 乱七八糟 (luànqībāzāo)
亂雜 / 乱杂 (luànzá) (literary)
凌亂 (língluàn)
嘈亂 / 嘈乱 (cáoluàn) (literary, of sound)
大鼎炒狗蟻 / 大鼎炒狗蚁 (Hokkien)
挐亂 / 挐乱 (Hokkien)
擾擾 / 扰扰 (rǎorǎo)
散亂 / 散乱 (sǎnluàn)
有七無八 / 有七无八 (Hokkien)
殽亂 / 淆乱 (xiáoluàn) (literary)
混亂 / 混乱 (hùnluàn)
烏七八糟 / 乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
烏哩單刀 / 乌哩单刀 (Cantonese)
無序 / 无序 (wúxù)
狼戾 (Hakka, literary)
狼狼戾戾 (Hakka)
狼藉 (lángjí)
立立亂 / 立立乱 (lap⁶ lap^6-2 lyun⁶) (Cantonese)
糊塗 / 糊涂
糾紛 / 纠纷 (jiūfēn) (literary)
紊 (wěn) (literary, or in compounds)
紛亂 / 纷乱 (fēnluàn)
紊亂 / 紊乱 (wěnluàn)
紛雜 / 纷杂 (fēnzá) (literary)
繚亂 / 缭乱 (liáoluàn) (formal)
肆亂 / 肆乱 (sìluàn) (literary)
蕪雜 / 芜杂 (wúzá)
雜亂 / 杂乱 (záluàn)
雜醪膏 / 杂醪膏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien)
鬼打樣 / 鬼打样 (Hakka)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (荊棘):

→ Japanese: 荊棘(けいきょく) (keikyoku)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
荊	棘
けい Hyōgai	きょく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーきょく [kèékyókú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːkʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

荊(けい)棘(きょく) • (keikyoku)

thorns (thorny plants)
hardships, difficulties
- 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
  
  荊棘(けいきょく)の道(みち)
  keikyoku no michi
  The path of hardships

See also

Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/荊棘

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