討論
See also: 讨论
Chinese
editask for; send punitive expedition; to demand ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry |
to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (討論) | 討 | 論 | |
simp. (讨论) | 讨 | 论 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tou2 leon6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thó-lun
- Eastern Min (BUC): tō̤-lâung
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5thau-len
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tǎolùn
- Wade–Giles: tʻao3-lun4
- Yale: tǎu-lwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taoluenn
- Palladius: таолунь (taolunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tou2 leon6
- Yale: tóu leuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou2 loen6
- Guangdong Romanization: tou2 lên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯³⁵ lɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thó-lun
- Hakka Romanization System: toˋ lun
- Hagfa Pinyim: to3 lun4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰo³¹ lun⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tō̤-lâung
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: thawX lwon|lwonH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ʰˤuʔ [r]ˤu[n]|[r]ˤu[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːʔ ruːn|ruːns/
Verb
edit討論
- to discuss; to talk over
- (literary, of texts) to edit critically; to examine and rectify a text
- 子曰:「為命:裨諶草創之,世叔討論之,行人子羽修飾之,東里子產潤色之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Wéi mìng: Píchén cǎochuàng zhī, Shìshū tǎolùn zhī, xíngrén Zǐyǔ xiūshì zhī, Dōnglǐ Zǐchǎn rùnsè zhī.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, Pi Chen first made the rough draft; Shi Shu examined and discussed its contents; Zi Yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Zi Chan of Dong Li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
子曰:「为命:裨谌草创之,世叔讨论之,行人子羽修饰之,东里子产润色之。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 討論墳典,斷自唐虞以下訖於周。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 4th century, "Pseudo-Kong Anguo" (偽孔安國), Preface to the Book of Documents (《尚書序》). English translation based on the text by James Legge (1879).
- Tǎolùn Fén Diǎn, duàn zì Tángyú yǐ xià qì yú Zhōu. [Pinyin]
- [He] examined and arranged the old literary monuments and records, deciding to commence with Tang and Yu, and to come down to the times of Zhou.
讨论坟典,断自唐虞以下讫于周。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to study; to investigate; to research
Synonyms
edit- (to discuss):
- 交涉 (jiāoshè)
- 傾 / 倾 (king1) (Cantonese, informal)
- 協商 / 协商 (xiéshāng)
- 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
- 口語 / 口语 (kǒuyǔ) (archaic)
- 商榷 (shāngquè) (chiefly in an academic context)
- 商討 / 商讨 (shāngtǎo)
- 商談 / 商谈 (shāngtán)
- 商議 / 商议 (shāngyì)
- 商量 (shāngliang)
- 接接 (Hokkien)
- 接洽 (jiēqià) (formal)
- 插話 / 插话 (Hokkien)
- 會談 / 会谈 (huìtán)
- 槌摃鐵 / 槌𫼱铁 (Hokkien)
- 比接 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 洽商 (qiàshāng)
- 洽談 / 洽谈 (qiàtán)
- 申論 / 申论 (shēnlùn)
- 研究 (yánjiū)
- 磋商 (cuōshāng) (formal)
- 磋議 / 磋议 (cuōyì)
- 磨合 (móhé) (figurative)
- 觸牙 / 触牙 (Hokkien)
- 言說 / 言说 (yánshuō) (formal)
- 言論 / 言论 (yánlùn)
- 言辭 / 言辞 (yáncí) (literary)
- 計謀 / 计谋 (jìmóu) (literary)
- 計議 / 计议 (jìyì) (literary)
- 計較 / 计较
- 評 / 评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 評論 / 评论 (pínglùn)
- 說 / 说
- 說合 / 说合 (shuōhé)
- 說道 / 说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
- 談判 / 谈判 (tánpàn)
- 談論 / 谈论 (tánlùn)
- 謀慮 / 谋虑 (móulǜ) (literary)
- 議 / 议 (yì)
- 議論 / 议论 (yìlùn)
- 錦議 / 锦议 (Hokkien)
- 闡論 / 阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
討 | 論 |
とう Grade: 6 |
ろん Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editSynonyms
editVerb
edit討論する • (tōron suru) suru (stem 討論し (tōron shi), past 討論した (tōron shita))
- to debate
- to discuss
Conjugation
editConjugation of "討論する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 討論し | とうろんし | tōron shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 討論し | とうろんし | tōron shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 討論する | とうろんする | tōron suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 討論する | とうろんする | tōron suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 討論すれ | とうろんすれ | tōron sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 討論せよ¹ 討論しろ² |
とうろんせよ¹ とうろんしろ² |
tōron seyo¹ tōron shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 討論される | とうろんされる | tōron sareru | |
Causative | 討論させる 討論さす |
とうろんさせる とうろんさす |
tōron saseru tōron sasu | |
Potential | 討論できる | とうろんできる | tōron dekiru | |
Volitional | 討論しよう | とうろんしよう | tōron shiyō | |
Negative | 討論しない | とうろんしない | tōron shinai | |
Negative continuative | 討論せず | とうろんせず | tōron sezu | |
Formal | 討論します | とうろんします | tōron shimasu | |
Perfective | 討論した | とうろんした | tōron shita | |
Conjunctive | 討論して | とうろんして | tōron shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 討論すれば | とうろんすれば | tōron sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
edit- (discuss): 話し合う (hanashiau)
References
edit- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
討 | 論 |
Noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
討 | 論 |
Verb
edit討論
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