認識

See also: 认识

Chinese

		to recognize; to know; to admit	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (認識)		認	識
simp. (认识)		认	识
anagram		識認／识认

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rènshi, rènshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ ˙ㄕ, ㄖㄣˋ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁶ sik¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngin-sṳt

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngin⁴ sed⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): nêng-sék
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): līn-siak / jīn-sek / līn-sek / jīn-sit
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnin-seq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, mainland China)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rènshi
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ˙ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rènshi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴-shih⁵
    • Yale: rèn-shr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn.shy
    • Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rènshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rènshìh
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴-shih⁴
    • Yale: rèn-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rennshyh
    • Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁶ sik¹
    • Yale: yihng sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁶ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁶ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²² sɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngin-sṳt
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngin siid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngin⁴ sid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ sɨt̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngin⁴ sed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sət̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nêng-sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(s-)nɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-siak
    • Tâi-lô: līn-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lixnsiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹⁻²² siak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-sek
    • Tâi-lô: jīn-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jixnseg
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin³³⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-sek
    • Tâi-lô: līn-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lixnseg
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin³³⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-sit
    • Tâi-lô: jīn-sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jixnsid
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²⁻²¹ sit̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin-seq
    • MiniDict: nyin^去 seh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin-seq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² səʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

認識 (transitive)

1. (Mandarin) to know (somebody); to be acquainted with

   他是通過電腦紅娘認識他妻子的。 [MSC, trad.]
   他是通过电脑红娘认识他妻子的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā shì tōngguò diànnǎo hóngniáng rènshi tā qīzi de. [Pinyin]

   He met his wife through a computer dating agency.

2. to recognize (somebody or something)

   好像他根本就不認識周圍的任何人。 [MSC, trad.]
   好像他根本就不认识周围的任何人。 [MSC, simp.]

   Hǎoxiàng tā gēnběn jiù bù rènshi zhōuwéi de rènhé rén. [Pinyin]

   It seems he does not recognize any people around him.

3. to know; to understand; to be familiar with

   你認識所有的字母嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   你认识所有的字母吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ rènshi suǒyǒu de zìmǔ ma? [Pinyin]

   Do you know your ABCs?

   你不認識字嗎？／你不认识字吗？  ―  Nǐ bù rènshi zì ma?  ―  Can't you read?

   我們解決一個問題必先認識這個問題的本質。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们解决一个问题必先认识这个问题的本质。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen jiějué yīge wèntí bì xiān rènshi zhè ge wèntí de běnzhì. [Pinyin]

   To solve a problem we must first understand its nature.

4. to be aware of; to appreciate

   現在越來越多的人認識到環境保護的重要性。 [MSC, trad.]
   现在越来越多的人认识到环境保护的重要性。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiànzài yuèláiyuè duō de rén rènshi dào huánjìngbǎohù de zhòngyàoxìng. [Pinyin]

   Now more and more people are aware of the importance of environmental protection.

Usage notes

The sense "to be aware of; to appreciate" is often followed by the verb 到 (dào).

Synonyms

• (to know somebody):

Dialectal synonyms of 認識 (“to know (somebody)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		認識
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	認識
	Taiwan	認識
	Singapore	認識
Cantonese	Guangzhou	識得, 識
	Hong Kong	識得, 識
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	識
	Yangjiang	識得, 識
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	識
	Singapore (Guangfu)	識
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	識得
Hakka	Meixian	識, 識得
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	識
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	識
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	識
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	識
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	識
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	識
	Senai (Huiyang)	識
Jin	Taiyuan	認得
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	捌, 捌傳
Southern Min	Xiamen	捌
	Quanzhou	捌
	Shishi	捌
	Zhangzhou	捌
	Taipei	捌
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	捌
	Kaohsiung	捌
	Yilan	捌
	Changhua (Lukang)	捌
	Taichung	捌
	Tainan	捌
	Hsinchu	捌
	Kinmen	捌
	Penghu (Magong)	捌
	Penang (Hokkien)	捌
	Singapore (Hokkien)	捌
	Manila (Hokkien)	捌
	Chaozhou	捌
	Shantou	捌
	Shantou (Chenghai)	捌
	Jieyang	捌
	Bangkok (Teochew)	捌
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	捌
	Singapore (Teochew)	捌
	Leizhou	捌
	Wenchang	捌
	Haikou	捌
	Singapore (Hainanese)	捌
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	捌, 捌得
Wu	Shanghai	認得, 相熟 dated
	Suzhou	認得
	Wuxi	認識
	Wenzhou	識

• (to recognize): 認得／认得 (rènde)
• (to understand):

edit

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 佔有 / 占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 參悟 / 参悟 (cānwù)
• 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 懂 (dǒng)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打生 (Wenzhounese)
• 把握 (bǎwò)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
• 明白
• 明瞭 / 明了 (míngliǎo)
• 曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會悟 / 会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 清亮 (mainland China)
• 清楚
• 熟似 (Hokkien)
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟識 / 熟识 (shúshí)
• 理會 / 理会 (lǐhuì)
• 理解 (lǐjiě)
• 瞭悟 / 了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
• 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知識 / 知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
• 知道
• 覺 / 觉
• 覺悟 / 觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 諳曉 / 谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 諳達 / 谙达 (āndá) (literary)
• 貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
• 通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
• 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領悟 / 领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會 / 领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)

 

Noun

認識

1. knowledge; understanding; cognition

   認識過程／认识过程  ―  rènshi guòchéng  ―  cognitive process

Synonyms

edit

• 學問 / 学问 (xuéwèn)
• 心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 智識 / 智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
• 知識 / 知识
• 聞見 / 闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)
• 見聞 / 见闻 (jiànwén)
• 見識 / 见识 (jiànshí)
• 識見 / 识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

 

Derived terms

• 感性認識 / 感性认识
• 認識論 / 认识论

 

See also

• 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 知道 (zhīdao)
• 識認／识认 (shírèn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
認	識
にん Grade: 6	しき Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese compound 認識 / 认识 (nyin^H syik, literally “know, recognize; know, remember”). Compare modern Mandarin rènshi, Eastern Min nêng-sék.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) にんしき [nìńshíkí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɰ̃ɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

認(にん)識(しき) • (ninshiki) 

1. recognition, awareness
2. understanding

   その認識(にんしき)で正(ただ)しいと思(おも)う。

   Sono ninshiki de tadashii to omou.

   I believe you are correct.

   (literally, “I believe your understanding is correct.”)

3. (computing) recognition

   音声(おんせい)認識(にんしき)

   onsei ninshiki

   speech recognition

Derived terms

• 再(さい)認(にん)識(しき) (saininshiki)
• 認(にん)識(しき)票(ひょう) (ninshikihyō, “dog tag”)
• 認(にん)識(しき)論(ろん) (ninshikiron, “epistemology”)

 

Verb

認(にん)識(しき)する • (ninshiki suru) transitive suru (stem 認(にん)識(しき)し (ninshiki shi), past 認(にん)識(しき)した (ninshiki shita))

1. to recognize something, to be aware of something
2. to understand something
3. (computing) to recognize something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "認識する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	認識し	にんしきし	ninshiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	認識し	にんしきし	ninshiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	認識する	にんしきする	ninshiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	認識する	にんしきする	ninshiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	認識すれ	にんしきすれ	ninshiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	認識せよ¹ 認識しろ²	にんしきせよ¹ にんしきしろ²	ninshiki seyo¹ ninshiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	認識される	にんしきされる	ninshiki sareru
Causative	認識させる 認識さす	にんしきさせる にんしきさす	ninshiki saseru ninshiki sasu
Potential	認識できる	にんしきできる	ninshiki dekiru
Volitional	認識しよう	にんしきしよう	ninshiki shiyō
Negative	認識しない	にんしきしない	ninshiki shinai
Negative continuative	認識せず	にんしきせず	ninshiki sezu
Formal	認識します	にんしきします	ninshiki shimasu
Perfective	認識した	にんしきした	ninshiki shita
Conjunctive	認識して	にんしきして	ninshiki shite
Hypothetical conditional	認識すれば	にんしきすれば	ninshiki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
認	識

Noun

認識 • (insik) (hangeul 인식)

1. hanja form^? of 인식 (“recognition”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
認	識

Noun

認識

1. chữ Hán form of nhận thức (“awareness”).