Wiktionary

豚

豚 U+8C5A, 豚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C5A
← 豙
[U+8C59] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 豛 →
[U+8C5B]

Translingual

edit

Han character

edit

豚 (Kangxi radical 152, 豕+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一尸人 (BMSO), four-corner 71232, composition ⿰月豕)

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1194, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36352
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1657, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3611, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8C5A

Chinese

edit

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 豚
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (豚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
豚 *duːn
遯 *duːnʔ, *duːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + 豕 (“pig”).

Etymology 1

edit
trad. 豚
simp. # 豚
alternative forms 豘
肫
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Probably related to 彖 (OC *l̥ʰoːns, “running pig”) and 貒 (OC *tʰoːn, “hog badger”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Outside of Chinese, it is probably related to Proto-Mien *duŋᴮ (“pig”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; Ratliff, 2010).

Vovin speculates a link to Common Turkic *toŋuz (“pig”) and Middle Korean 돝 (twòth, “pig”) (Vovin, 2011).

Pronunciation

edit
Rime
Character 豚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒渾切
Baxter dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwən/
Li
Rong 		/duən/
Wang
Li 		/duən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		teon4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 豚
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁu[n]/
English young pig

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 豚
Reading # 1/1
No. 12582
Phonetic
component 		豚
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		屯
Old
Chinese 		/*duːn/
 
豚

Definitions

edit

豚

  1. piglet; suckling pig
  2. (by extension) pig
  3. (Internet slang, derogatory) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  4. a surname
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of 小豬 (“piglet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 豚, 豯
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 小豬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 小豬兒
Taiwan 小豬
Singapore 小豬
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 小豬, 小豬兒, 豬崽兒, 豬崽子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 小豬兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 豬崽子
Wanrong 豬娃
Xi'an 豬娃兒, 豬娃子
Xining 尕豬娃兒
Xuzhou 豬秧子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 豬娃子
Lanzhou 豬娃子
Ürümqi 豬娃子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 豬崽崽, 豬兒子, 小豬兒
Wuhan 豬娃, 小豬娃, 小豬
Guiyang 小豬崽, 小豬兒
Liuzhou 豬崽
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 豬秧子, 豬秧
Yangzhou 豬秧子
Huanggang 奶豬兒
Cantonese Guangzhou 豬仔
Hong Kong 豬仔
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 豬仔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 豬仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 豬仔
Taishan 豬仔
Dongguan 豬仔
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 豬仔
Singapore (Guangfu) 豬仔
Gan Nanchang 豬崽子
Lichuan 豬崽兒
Pingxiang 豬崽仔
Hakka Meixian 乳豬
Yudu 豬子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 豬子
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 細豬仔, 豬子
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 豬子, 乳豬仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 豬子, 細豬子
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 豬子
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 豬幺
Hong Kong 豬仔
Senai (Huiyang) 豬仔
Huizhou Jixi 細豬
Jin Taiyuan 豬娃子
Xinzhou 豬娃子, 小豬子
Northern Min Jian'ou 豨仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 豬囝
Fuzhou (Changle) 豬囝
Fuqing 豬囝
Yongtai 豬囝
Gutian 豬囝
Fu'an 豬囝
Ningde 豬囝
Shouning 豬囝
Zhouning 豬囝
Fuding 豬囝
Southern Min Xiamen 豬仔囝, 豬豚仔
Quanzhou 豬仔
Yongchun 豬囝
Zhangzhou 豬仔囝, 豬仔嬰, 豬豚仔
Kaohsiung 豬仔囝
Yilan 豬仔囝
Changhua (Lukang) 豬仔囝
Taichung 豬仔囝
Taichung (Wuqi) 豬仔囝
Tainan 豬仔囝
Taitung 豬仔囝
Hsinchu 豬仔囝
Penghu (Magong) 豬仔囝
Penang (Hokkien) 豬囝
Singapore (Hokkien) 豬囝
Manila (Hokkien) 豬仔
Shantou 豬囝
Haifeng 豬仔
Bangkok (Teochew) 豬囝
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 豬囝
Leizhou 豬囝
Haikou 豬囝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 豬崽
Wu Shanghai 小豬玀
Shanghai (Chongming) 小豬農
Suzhou 小豬
Danyang 小豬
Hangzhou 小肉豬
Ningbo 小豬
Wenzhou 豬兒
Jinhua 小豬
Xiang Changsha 豬崽子
Loudi 豬崽唧
Dialectal synonyms of 豬 (“pig; swine”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 豕, 彘, 豬, 豨, 豚, 㣇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 豬
Taxonomic name 豬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 豬
Taiwan 豬
Chengde 豬
Chifeng 豬
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 豬
Heihe 豬
Qiqihar 豬
Harbin 豬
Jiamusi 豬
Baicheng 豬
Changchun 豬
Tonghua 豬
Shenyang 豬
Jinzhou 豬
Malaysia 豬
Singapore 豬
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 豬
Tangshan 豬
Cangzhou 豬
Baoding 豬
Shijiazhuang 豬
Lijin 豬
Jinan 豬, 黑貓子 Hui, 黑牲口 Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 豬
Dandong 豬
Yantai 豬
Yantai (Muping) 豬子
Qingdao 豬
Zhucheng 豬
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 豬
Lingbao 豬
Jining 豬
Wanrong 豬
Linfen 豬
Shangqiu 豬
Yuanyang 豬
Zhengzhou 豬
Xinyang 豬
Baihe 豬
Xi'an 豬, 嘮嘮
Baoji 豬
Tianshui 豬
Xining 豬
Xuzhou 豬, 玀玀
Fuyang 豬
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 黑黑, 哼孜兒, 豬
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 豬, 黑子 Hui, 哼哼 Hui, 恨賊勒 Hui
Lanzhou 豬
Hami 豬
Ürümqi 豬, 豬佬佬
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 豬
Nanchong 豬
Dazhou 豬
Hanyuan 豬
Xichang 豬
Zigong 豬
Chongqing 豬
Wuhan 豬
Yichang 豬
Xiangyang 豬
Tianmen 豬
Guiyang 豬
Zunyi 豬
Bijie 豬
Liping 豬
Zhaotong 豬
Dali 豬
Kunming 豬
Mengzi 豬
Guilin 豬
Liuzhou 豬
Jishou 豬
Changde 豬
Hanzhong 豬
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 豬
Yangzhou 豬
Lianyungang 豬
Lianshui 豬
Nantong 豬
Anqing 豬
Wuhu 豬
Hefei 豬
Hong'an 豬
Cantonese Guangzhou 豬
Hong Kong 豬
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 豬
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 豬
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 豬
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 豬
Macau 豬
Guangzhou (Panyu) 豬
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 豬
Guangzhou (Conghua) 豬
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 豬
Foshan 豬
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 豬
Foshan (Shunde) 豬
Foshan (Sanshui) 豬
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 豬
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 豬
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 豬
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 豬
Zhuhai (Doumen) 豬
Jiangmen (Baisha) 豬
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 豬
Taishan 豬
Kaiping (Chikan) 豬
Enping (Niujiang) 豬
Heshan (Yayao) 豬
Dongguan 豬
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 豬
Yangjiang 豬
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 豬
Penang (Guangfu) 豬
Singapore (Guangfu) 豬
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 豬, 㺧
Móng Cái 豬, 𤞼
Gan Nanchang 豬
Lichuan 豬
Pingxiang 豬
Hakka Meixian 豬
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 豬
Dongguan (Qingxi) 豬
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 豬
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 豬
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 豬
Changting 豬, 長嘴筒 argot
Yudu 豬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 豬仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 豬仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 豬仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 豬
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 豬仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 豬
Hong Kong 豬
Sabah (Longchuan) 豬
Senai (Huiyang) 豬
Huizhou Jixi 豬
Shexian 豬
Shitai (Xianyu) 豬
Jin Taiyuan 豬, 豬兒
Pingyao 豬兒
Yangyuan 豬
Datong 豬
Xinzhou 豬
Lüliang (Lishi) 豬
Changzhi 豬
Linhe 豬
Jining 豬
Hohhot 豬
Erenhot 豬
Pingshan 豬
Zhangjiakou 豬
Handan 豬
Linzhou 豬
Suide 豬
Northern Min Jian'ou 豨
Jian'ou (Dikou) 豨
Songxi 豨
Zhenghe 豨
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 豨
Jianyang 豨
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 豨
Wuyishan 豨
Pucheng (Shibei) 豨
Eastern Min Fuzhou 豬
Fuzhou (Changle) 豬
Lianjiang 豬
Fuqing 豬
Pingtan 豬
Yongtai 豬
Minqing 豬
Gutian 豬
Pingnan 豬
Luoyuan 豬
Fu'an 豬
Ningde 豬
Xiapu 豬
Zherong 豬
Shouning 豬
Zhouning 豬
Fuding 豬
Matsu 豬
Southern Min Xiamen 豬, 豬仔
Xiamen (Tong'an) 豬
Quanzhou 豬
Jinjiang 豬
Nan'an 豬
Shishi 豬
Hui'an 豬
Anxi 豬
Yongchun 豬
Dehua 豬
Zhangzhou 豬, 豬仔
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 豬
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 豬
Hua'an 豬
Nanjing 豬
Pinghe 豬
Zhangpu 豬
Yunxiao 豬
Zhao'an 豬
Dongshan 豬
Yilan 豬
Tainan 豬仔
Kinmen 豬
Penang (Hokkien) 豬
Singapore (Hokkien) 豬
Manila (Hokkien) 豬
Medan (Hokkien) 豬
Longyan 豬
Zhangping 豬
Zhangping (Yongfu) 豬
Datian 豨
Chaozhou 豬, 老豬
Shantou 豬
Jieyang 豬, 猧
Haifeng 豬
Bangkok (Teochew) 豬
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 豬
Singapore (Teochew) 豬
Leizhou 豬
Wenchang 豬
Haikou 豬
Singapore (Hainanese) 豬
Puxian Min Putian 豬
Central Min Yong'an 豨
Sanming (Sanyuan) 豨
Sanming (Shaxian) 豨
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 豬
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 豬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 豬
Shehua Fu'an 豬
Fuding 豬
Luoyuan 豬
Sanming 豬
Shunchang 豬
Hua'an 豬
Guixi (Zhangping) 豬
Cangnan 豬
Jingning (Hexi) 豬
Lishui 豬
Longyou 豬
Chaozhou 豬
Fengshun 豬
Wu Shanghai 豬玀, 玀玀 childish, 豬玀玀 childish
Shanghai (Chongming) 豬農
Suzhou 豬, 豬玀, 豬玀玀, 玀玀
Danyang 玀玀 childish
Hangzhou 豬玀
Ningbo 豬玀, 嘵豬, 泥豬, 愚豬
Wenzhou 豬
Jinhua 豬
Xiang Changsha 豬, 寶樓
Loudi 豬
Shuangfeng 豬

Compounds

edit

Etymology 2

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 豚 – see 䐁 (“vulva”).
(This character is a variant form of 䐁).

Etymology 3

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 豚 – see 墩 (“mound”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 墩).

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
豚

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: どん (don)
  • Kan-on: とん (ton, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ぶた (buta, 豚, Jōyō)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

Etymology

edit
Kanji in this term
豚
ぶた
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
豕
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

First attested in the mid-Muromachi period, some time in the late 1480s.[1]

Derivation ultimately unknown.

Some sources list possible theories:[2][3][4]

  • A shift from 太 (futo, “fatty (fat individual), fatness”)
    The vowel shift and voicing required to go from futo to buta seem problematic, considering Japanese sound shift patterns.
  • Cognate with Okinawan ぶたさん (butasan, “fat”).
  • An onomatopoeia from the sound the animal makes, realized in Japanese as ブー (bū)
    The final -ta remains unexplained.
  • Some combination of the two above
  • A shift from 猪太 (ibuto, literally “swine + fatty”)
    Attestable online, but not found in Japanese etymological resources. Difficult to judge provenance or timing.
  • A borrowing from Korean or Mongolian
    Neither Korean 돼지 (dwaeji, “pig”) nor Mongolian гахай (gaxaj, “pig”) show any phonological resemblance to buta, ruling out these possibilities.

The word butakal appears in several languages of the Philippines with a sense of boar (male pig), suggesting a possible source. However, any connection with an Austronesian language is only speculation.

The kanji is from Chinese 豚 (tún, “suckling pig”). Compare Japanese 猪 (inoshishi, “boar”) from Chinese 猪 (zhū, “pig”) and Japanese 猿 (saru, “monkey”) from Chinese 猿 (yuán, “ape”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

豚(ぶた) or 豚(ブタ) • (buta) 

  1. [from late 1480s] pig; swine
  2. [from 1703] (derogatory) a fat person, an unattractive woman
  3. [from 1846] pork (the meat)
  4. [from 1960] a wild boar
    Synonym: 猪 (i, inoshishi)
  5. [from 1723] a hand of cards worth zero (such as 8–9–3 totalling 20, which is equivalent to zero), in Baccarat-like three-card games such as おいちょかぶ
    • 1723 (享保八年), 竹田出雲 [Takeda Izumo] and 和田文耕堂 [Matsuda Bunkōdō],〈大塔宮曦鎧〉 [Ōtō no Miya Asahi no Yoroi]
      しらがまじりがまく歌流多。かはゝ川越播磨(かはごへはりま)ノ守。六々八のひつはりぶた。先六はらのあたまをちよつる。次のかるたは八九三。是もめでたし鎌倉ぶた。根(ね)こぎにしやんとかき込(こみ)し親は。二三四のぼり九寸(がう)。
  6. [from ???] (colloquial, poker) synonym of ハイカード (hai kādo, “high card”): a no pair, a hand without even a pair (probably a modification of the term for a zero-valued card hand)
    • 2000 July 7 [2000 May 17], Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “FILE(ファイル) 1(いち)　殺(さつ)人(じん)ポーカー　Unlucky Men in the Rain　〈問(もん)題(だい)編(へん)〉 [FILE 1: Murderous Poker: Unlucky Men in the Rain ‹Problem›]”, in 明智警視の優雅なる事件簿 [Superintendent Akechi Elegant Case Files], 3rd edition (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:
      赤(あか)菱(びし)さんのカードは８(はち)とＪ(ジャック)のツーペア‥‥三(みつ)矢(や)さんはＡ(エース)のスリーカード　雲(くも)間(ま)さんはＱ(クイーン)のワンペア　緑(みとり)川(かわ)さんは役なし(ブタ)‥‥
      Akabishi-san no kādo wa hachi to jakku no tsū-pea... Mitsuya-san wa ēsu no surī-kādo, Kumoma-san wa kuīn no wan-pea, Midorikawa-san wa buta...
      Akabishi-san’s hand would have a two pair, eights and jacks‥‥ Mitsuya-san’s a three of a kind, aces. Kumoma-san’s a one pair, queens. Midorikawa-san’s a high card...

Usage notes

edit
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ブタ.

Derived terms

edit
  • → Ainu: プタ (puta)

See also

edit
  • 猪 (i, inoshishi, “wild boar”)
  • アグー (agū, “Okinawan pig breed”)

References

edit
  1. ^ “豚・豕”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “ブタ／豚／ぶた”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  3. ^ 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
  4. ^ 由来・語源辞典 (Yurai / Gogen Jiten, “Derivation / Etymology Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 豚 (MC dwon).

Recorded as Middle Korean 똔 (Yale: ttwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 돈 (twon) (Yale: twon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

豚 (eumhun 돼지 돈 (dwaeji don))

  1. hanja form? of 돈 (“pig”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

edit

Kanji

edit
豚

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

edit

Etymology

edit

/ʔuwaː/ → /ʔwaː/

From Proto-Ryukyuan *uwa. Cognate with Yoron っわー ('wā, “pig”), Tokunoshima っわー ('wā, “pig”), Miyako わー (wā, vā, “pig”), Yaeyama おー (ō, “pig”), Yonaguni わー (wā, “pig”).

Likely not related to Japanese 豚 (buta, “pig, swine, hog”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

豚(っわー) ('wā) 

  1. a pig, hog, swine

References

edit

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

豚: Hán Nôm readings: đồn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=豚&oldid=82730647"
  NODES
design 1
games 1
see 7