農民

See also: 农民

Chinese

		agriculture	the people; nationality; citizen
trad. (農民)		農	民
simp. (农民)		农	民

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): nóngmín

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nong² min²
Cantonese (Jyutping): nung⁴ man⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nùng-mìn

(Hailu, HRS): nung min
Jin (Wiktionary): neng¹ ming¹
Eastern Min (BUC): nùng-mìng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lông-bîn
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶non-min
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): long² min²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nóngmín
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nóngmín
  - Wade–Giles: nung²-min²
  - Yale: núng-mín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nongmin
  - Palladius: нунминь (nunminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ³⁵ min³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nong² min²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lungmin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /noŋ²¹ min²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nung⁴ man⁴
  - Yale: nùhng màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nung⁴ man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nung⁴ men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²¹ mɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: nung^ˇ min^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nung² min²
  - Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: nung min
  - Sinological IPA: /nuŋ⁵⁵ min⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: neng¹ ming¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /nəŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nùng-mìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông-bîn
  - Tâi-lô: lông-bîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: longbiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³⁻²² bin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³⁻³³ bin²³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶non-min
  - MiniDict: non^去 min
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³non-min
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /noŋ²² min⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: long² min²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /l̃ʊŋ¹³ min¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /lən¹³ min¹³/

Middle Chinese: nowng mjin

Rime
Character	農	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	奴冬切	彌鄰切
Baxter	nowng	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuoŋ/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/nuoŋ/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/noŋ/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nawŋ/	/min/
Li Rong	/noŋ/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/nuoŋ/	/mĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuoŋ/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nóng	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nung⁴	man⁴

Noun

農民

farmer; peasant
農民起義／农民起义 ― nóngmín qǐyì ― peasant uprising

農民戰爭／农民战争 ― nóngmín zhànzhēng ― peasant war

農民企業家／农民企业家 ― nóngmín qǐyèjiā ― farmer-turned-entrepreneur

Synonyms

edit

勞農 / 劳农 (láonóng) (literary)
戶家 / 户家 (Dungan)
老農 / 老农 (lǎonóng)
農 / 农 (nóng) (obsolete or in compounds)
農人 / 农人 (nóngrén)
農夫 / 农夫 (nóngfū)

Dialectal synonyms of 農民 (“farmer; peasant”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		農, 農民, 農人, 農夫
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		農民, 農人, 莊戶人
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	農民, 莊稼漢兒 male, 莊稼漢子 male
	Taiwan	農夫, 農民, 農人
	Langfang	農民
	Ulanhot	莊稼人
	Tongliao	老農, 種地的
	Chifeng	莊稼漢
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	老農, 種地的
	Harbin	農民, 莊稼人, 莊稼漢 male, 莊稼佬兒 derogatory
	Malaysia	農夫
	Singapore	農夫
Jilu Mandarin	Tangshan	莊稼人
	Cangzhou	種地的
	Baoding	莊稼人
	Shijiazhuang	莊稼人
	Jinan	農民, 農哥兒們, 農哥們兒, 農哥兒們兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	農民, 莊稼人, 莊戶孫, 老農 honorific or humorous, 莊稼霸子 derogatory
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	莊戶人
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	農民, 莊稼人, 莊稼漢, 種地的
	Daming	種地嘞
	Wanrong	莊稼戶, 做莊稼的, 農民
	Zhengzhou	莊稼人
	Xi'an	做莊稼的, 莊稼人, 農民
	Xining	莊稼人
	Xuzhou	種地的, 莊戶人
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	戶家
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	莊戶, 莊稼漢, 農人 dated
	Bayanhot	種田的, 莊稼漢
	Lanzhou	莊稼人
	Ürümqi	農民
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	農民, 農村人, 鄉下人, 鄉巴佬兒 derogatory, 鄉巴佬 derogatory, 鄉廣廣 derogatory, 老坎 derogatory, 黃泥巴腳桿 derogatory, 泥巴腳桿 derogatory, 彎腳桿 derogatory, 農二哥 derogatory, 欒二哥 dated, derogatory, 圞二 dated, derogatory, 欒豁皮 dated, derogatory, 欒豁 dated, derogatory, 老欒 dated, derogatory, 欒民 dated, derogatory
	Wuhan	農民, 農人, 種田的
	Guiyang	農人
	Guilin	農民
	Liuzhou	種田的, 農民, 農民佬
	Dagudi (Maliba)	農民
	Reshuitang (Longling)	農民
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	農民
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	農民
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	種田的, 農民
	Yangzhou	種田的, 二哥哥, 捧牛屁股的 dated, derogatory
	Nantong	種田哩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	農民, 耕田佬, 㩧佬 derogatory
	Hong Kong	農夫, 農民, 農人 dated, 耕田佬, 㩧佬 dated, derogatory
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	耕田佬
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	耕田佬
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	耕田佬
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	耕田佬
	Macau	農民
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	農民, 耕田佬
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	農民, 耕田佬
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	耕田佬
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	農民, 耕田佬
	Foshan	農民, 耕田佬
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	農民, 耕田佬
	Foshan (Shunde)	農民
	Foshan (Sanshui)	農民, 耕田佬
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	耕田佬
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	農民
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	農民
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	耕田佬
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	耕田佬
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	耕田佬
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	耕田佬
	Taishan	農民
	Kaiping (Chikan)	農民
	Enping (Niujiang)	農民, 耕田佬
	Heshan (Yayao)	耕田佬
	Dongguan	農民, 耕田佬
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	耕田佬
	Shaoguan	農民
	Yunfu	耕田佬, 撚泥頭
	Xinyi	耕田佬
	Lianjiang	農民, 㩧佬, 耕田佬
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	耕田佬
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	耕田佬
Gan	Nanchang	作田個
	Lichuan	作田個
	Pingxiang	作田人, 農民
Hakka	Meixian	耕田佬, 耕田儕
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	農民, 耕田阿哥
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	農民, 耕田佬
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	農民, 耕田佬
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	耕田佬
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	㩧佬
	Wengyuan	耕田佬
	Liannan	耕田佬
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	農民
	Jiexi	耕田人
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	做田人
	Changting	做田人
	Wuping	作田儕
	Wuping (Yanqian)	做事個
	Ninghua	做田個
	Yudu	作田佬
	Ningdu	作田個
	Tonggu (Sandu)	作田個
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	作田個
	Dayu	作田佬
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	耕田人, 耕種人, 耕田儕, 農民, 農家人
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農民仔, 農家人
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農家人
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	耕田人, 耕種人, 耕田個, 農民, 農家人
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	耕田人, 耕種人, 農民, 農家人
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	作穡人, 農民, 農家人
	Hong Kong	耕田佬
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	做田佬
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	耕田佬
	Xinyi (Sihe)	耕田佬
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	耕田佬
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	耕田佬
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	耕田佬
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	耕田佬
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	耕田佬
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	耕田佬
	Mengshan (Xihe)	種田佬
	Luchuan	種田佬
	Sabah (Longchuan)	農人, 耕田佬
	Senai (Huiyang)	耕田佬
Huizhou	Jixi	農民, 種田仂, 務農佬 derogatory, 務農坯 derogatory
Jin	Taiyuan	莊稼人, 農民, 受苦人 self-appellation
	Xinzhou	農業上哩, 受苦人 dated, 莊戶人 dated, 黑脊背 dated
	Taibus (Baochang)	莊戶人
	Linhe	莊戶人
	Jining	莊戶人
	Hohhot	莊戶人
	Baotou	莊戶人
	Dongsheng	莊戶人
	Haibowan	莊稼漢
	Zhangjiakou	莊戶人
	Handan	莊稼人
Northern Min	Jian'ou	打粗人, 打塍人
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	農民, 做塍其, 做塍儂
	Fuqing	做塍其儂, 農民
	Matsu	做塍儂
Southern Min	Xiamen	作塍儂, 作穡儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble
	Quanzhou	作塍儂, 作穡儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble
	Jinjiang	作塍儂, 作穡儂
	Yongchun	作塍儂
	Zhangzhou	作塍儂, 農民, 農哥 slightly derogatory or humble
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	作塍儂
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	作塍儂
	Hua'an	作塍儂
	Pinghe	作塍儂
	Zhangpu	作塍儂
	Dongshan	作穡儂, 農民
	Taipei	做穡的
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	作塍儂
	Kaohsiung	作穡的, 作穡儂
	Yilan	作穡的, 作園的, 作塍儂
	Changhua (Lukang)	作穡的, 作園的, 作塍儂
	Taichung	作穡儂, 作塍儂
	Taichung (Wuqi)	作穡儂
	Tainan	作穡的, 作園的, 作穡儂
	Taitung	作穡儂
	Hsinchu	作穡儂
	Penghu (Magong)	做穡的, 做山的
	Penang (Hokkien)	種塍的儂
	Singapore (Hokkien)	作巴的, 作塍的
	Manila (Hokkien)	作塍儂
	Longyan	作穡儂
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	做塍儂
	Shantou	作塍儂
	Jieyang	作塍儂
	Bangkok (Teochew)	作塍儂
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	作塍儂
	Haikou	做百姓個, 做農個, 農民, 做塍爹 male, 做塍姩 female
Puxian Min	Putian	農夫
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	農民
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	農民
Shehua	Fu'an	做田人
	Fuding	做田人
	Luoyuan	做田人
	Shunchang	做田人
	Hua'an	做田人
	Guixi (Zhangping)	做田人
	Cangnan	做田人
	Jingning (Hexi)	做田人
	Lishui	做田人
	Longyou	做田人
	Chaozhou	做田人
	Fengshun	做田人
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	老百姓
Wu	Shanghai	種田個, 農民
	Shanghai (Chongming)	種田地人, 種田人
	Suzhou	農民, 鄉下人, 種田個
	Danyang	農民, 種田人
	Hangzhou	農民
	Ningbo	種田人
	Wenzhou	種田人
	Jinhua	種田地個, 種田個, 農民
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	種田儂
Xiang	Changsha	農民, 作田的
Xiang	Loudi	作田個

Derived terms

農民工 / 农民工 (nóngmíngōng)
農民曆 / 农民历 (nóngmínlì)
農民畫 / 农民画 (nóngmínhuà)
農民節 / 农民节
農民起義 / 农民起义 (nóngmín qǐyì)
農民階級 / 农民阶级 (nóngmín jiējí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (農民):

→ Japanese: 農民(のうみん) (nōmin)
→ Korean: 농민(農民) (nongmin)
→ Vietnamese: nông dân (農民)

Others:

→ Zhuang: nungzminz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
農	民
のう Grade: 3	みん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) のーみん [nòómíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [no̞ːmʲĩɴ]

Noun

農(のう)民(みん) • (nōmin)

farmer
peasant farmer, sharecropper

Synonyms

(farmer): 農家(のうか) (nōka)
(peasant): 小作人(こさくにん) (kosakunin)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
農	民

Noun

農民 • (nongmin) (hangeul 농민)

hanja form^? of 농민 (“farmers, peasantry; farmer, peasant”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
農	民

Noun

農民

chữ Hán form of nông dân (“peasant, farmer”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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