送死

Chinese

		to deliver; to carry; to give (as a present) to deliver; to carry; to give (as a present); to present (with); to see off; to send	to die; impassable; uncrossable to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid
trad. (送死)		送	死
simp. #(送死)		送	死

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sòngsǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄙˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sung³ sei²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sung-sí
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sàng-sí

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sòngsǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄙˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sòngsǐh
    • Wade–Giles: sung⁴-ssŭ³
    • Yale: sùng-sž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonqsyy
    • Palladius: сунсы (sunsy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sung³ sei²
    • Yale: sung séi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sung³ sei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sung³ séi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³³ sei̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sung-sí
    • Hakka Romanization System: sung xi^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sung⁴ xi³
    • Sinological IPA: /suŋ⁵⁵ si³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàng-sí
    • Tâi-lô: sàng-sí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sarngsie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /saŋ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: suwngH sijX

Rime
Character	送	死
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇弄切	息姊切
Baxter	suwngH	sijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suŋH/	/sˠiɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/suŋH/	/sᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/suŋH/	/siɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səwŋH/	/sjiX/
Li Rong	/suŋH/	/sjiX/
Wang Li	/suŋH/	/siX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/suŋH/	/siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sòng	sǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung3	si2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤoŋ-s  sijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sloːŋs  hljiʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	送	死
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sòng	sǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ suwngH ›	‹ sijX ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁoŋ-s/	/*sijʔ/
English	escort (v.), send	die (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	送	死
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12062	12006
Phonetic component	送	死
Rime group	東	脂
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	送	死
Old Chinese	/*sloːŋs/	/*hljiʔ/

Verb

送死 (intransitive)

1. to court death
2. (archaic) to arrange the funeral of one's parents

   • 養生者不足以當大事，惟送死可以當大事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     养生者不足以当大事，惟送死可以当大事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǎngshēng zhě bù zú yǐ dàng dàshì, wéi sòngsǐ kě yǐ dàng dàshì. [Pinyin]

     The nourishment of parents when living is not sufficient to be accounted the great thing. It is only in the performing their obsequies when dead that we have what can be considered the great thing.

   • 故事生不忠厚，不敬文，謂之野；送死不忠厚，不敬文，謂之瘠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故事生不忠厚，不敬文，谓之野；送死不忠厚，不敬文，谓之瘠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Gù shìshēng bù zhōnghòu, bù jìng wén, wèi zhī yě; sòngsǐ bù zhōnghòu, bù jìng wén, wèi zhī jí. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (to court death): 找死 (zhǎosǐ); (Hokkien) 赴死 (fùsǐ)