鑑

See also: 鉴

鑑 U+9451, 鑑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9451 ← 鑐 [U+9450] CJK Unified Ideographs 鑒 → [U+9452]

Translingual

Traditional	鑒
Shinjitai	鑑
Simplified	鉴

Han character

鑑 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14 in Chinese, 金+15 in Japanese, 22 strokes in Chinese, 23 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 金尸戈廿 (CSIT) or 金尸一廿 (CSMT), four-corner 8811₇, composition ⿰釒監)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1325, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40988
• Dae Jaweon: page 1826, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4267, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9451

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	*kraːm, *kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 鑑 – see 鑒 (“mirror; to inspect; to examine; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 鑒).

Japanese

Kanji

鑑

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: かんがみる (kangamiru, 鑑みる, Jōyō)、かがみ (kagami, 鑑)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、かた (kata)、かね (kane)、しげ (shige)、のり (nori)、み (mi)、みる (miru)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鑑
かがみ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
鑒

From Old Japanese.

Extension of 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”), as such objects are usually seen as reflected like a mirror.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かがみ [kàgámíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠mʲi]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

鑑(かがみ) • (kagami) 

1. an example, exemplar, model, pattern

   Synonyms: 亀鑑 (kikan), 手本 (tehon), 模範 (mohan)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鑑(かが)みる (kagamiru)
  • 鑑(かんが)みる (kangamiru)
  • 鑑(かが)む (kagamu)
    • 鑑(かんが)む (kangamu)
• 江戸(えど)鑑(かがみ) (Edo kagami)
• 亀(かめ)の鑑(かがみ) (kame no kagami)
• 古(こ)筆(ひつ)鑑(かがみ) (kohitsu kagami)
• 長者(ちょうじゃ)鑑(かがみ) (chōja kagami)
• 町人(ちょうにん)鑑(かがみ) (chōnin kagami)
• 手(て)鑑(かがみ) (tekagami)
• 判(はん)鑑(かがみ) (han kagami)
• 町(まち)鑑(かがみ) (machi kagami)
• 村(むら)鑑(かがみ) (mura kagami)
• 嫁(よめ)鑑(かがみ) (yome kagami)

Proper noun

鑑(かがみ) • (Kagami) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鑑
かん Grade: S
kan'on

Alternative spelling
鑒

/kam/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/

From Middle Chinese 鑒 (MC kaemH).

Noun

鑑(かん) • (kan) 

1. a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware
2. an example, exemplar, model, pattern

Affix

鑑(かん) • (kan) 

1. example, exemplar
2. model, pattern
3. inspect, examine
4. evaluate

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鑑査(かんさ) (kansa)
• 鑑識(かんしき) (kanshiki)
• 鑑賞(かんしょう) (kanshō)
• 鑑別(かんべつ) (kanbetsu)
• 鑑札(かんさつ) (kansatsu)
• 鑑定(かんてい) (kantei)
• 印鑑(いんかん) (inkan)
• 殷鑑(いんかん) (inkan)
• 亀鑑(きかん) (kikan)
• 鏡鑑(きょうかん) (kyōkan)
• 図鑑(ずかん) (zukan)
• 清鑑(せいかん) (seikan)
• 大鑑(たいかん) (taikan)
• 年鑑(ねんかん) (nenkan)
• 武鑑(ぶかん) (bukan)
• 名鑑(めいかん) (meikan)
• 明鑑(めいかん) (meikan)
• 門鑑(もんかん) (monkan)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
鑑
Grade: S
nanori

Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear”).

Proper noun

鑑(あきら) • (Akira) 

1. a male or female given name

Korean

Alternative forms

Yakja (略字, simplified form) of 鑑.

• 鑒

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鑒 (MC kaemH). Recorded as Middle Korean 감〯 (kǎm) (Yale: kam) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

鑑 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))

1. hanja form^? of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 감식 (鑑識, gamsik, “examination”)
• 감정 (鑑定, gamjeong, “appraisal”)
• 도감 (圖鑑, dogam, “an illustrated reference book”)
• 연감 (年鑑, yeon'gam, “almanac; yearbook”)
• 귀감 (龜鑑, gwigam, “self-criticism; object lesson”)
• 통감 (通鑑, tonggam)
• 감상 (鑑賞, gamsang, “appreciation, enjoyment”)
• 감별 (鑑別, gambyeol, “distinguishing”)
• 인감 (印鑑, in'gam, “seal; stamp”)
• 감계 (鑑戒, gamgye, “take as a lesson”)
• 보감 (寶鑑, bogam, “an important book”)
• 동의보감 (東醫寶鑑, Dong'uibogam, “Dongui Bogam”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 1. [2]

Old Japanese

Etymology

Extension of 鏡 (kagami₁, “mirror”), as such objects are usually seen as reflected like a mirror.

Noun

鑑 (kagami₁) (kana かがみ)

1. an example, exemplar, model, pattern
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4465:
     , text here

     ...美流比等乃可多里都芸弖低伎久比等能可我見爾世武乎...

     ...mi₁ru pi₁to₂ no₂ kataritugi₁tete ki₁ku pi₁to₂ no₂ kagami₁ ni semu wo...

     All who see will pass it down, all who hear will make it as a mirror.

Descendants

• Japanese: 鑑 (kagami)

Vietnamese

Han character

鑑: Hán Nôm readings: giám, gương

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