鑒

See also: 鉴

鑒	U+9452, 鑒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9452

← 鑑
[U+9451]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鑓 →
[U+9453]

Translingual

Traditional	鑒
Shinjitai	鑑
Simplified	鉴

Han character

鑒 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 尸田金 (SWC) or 金尸一廿 (CSMT), four-corner 7810₉, composition ⿱𰯲金)

Derived characters

𨰹(𰿀), 𫭀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1325, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40989
Dae Jaweon: page 1826, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4267, character 7
Unihan data for U+9452

Chinese

trad.		鑒/鑑/鍳
simp.		鉴
nonstandard simp.		𰾫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	ɡ·raːm, ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	ɡ·raːm, qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	ɡ·raːmʔ, ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	ɡ·raːms, ɡraːmʔ
嚂	ɡ·raːms, kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	kraːm, kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	kraːm, kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	ɡraːmʔ, ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	ɡ·lam, ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaam³
  - Yale: gaam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
  - Tâi-lô: kàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/

Middle Chinese: ken, kaemH

Rime
Character	鑒	鑒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	古賢切	格懺切
Baxter	ken	kaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/	/kˠam^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/	/kᵚam^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/	/kam^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/	/kaɨm^H/
Li Rong	/ken/	/kam^H/
Wang Li	/kien/	/kam^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kien/	/kam^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin¹	gaam³

Definitions

鑒

(bronze) mirror
to inspect; to examine
to reflect; to mirror
to evaluate; to assess
perceptiveness; vigilance
reflection
lesson; example; warning
(historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鑒):

→ Japanese: 鑑(かん) (kan)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) (semantic loan)
- Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) / толь (tolʹ)
- → Buryat: толи (toli) (semantic loan)
- → Khamnigan Mongol: толи (toli) (semantic loan)
- → Written Oirat: ᡐᡆᠯᡅ (toli) (semantic loan)
  - Kalmyk: толь (tolʹ)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

鑒

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)}^{←けむ (kemu, ancient)}
Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)}^{←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
Kun: かがみ (kagami)、かんがみる (kangamiru, 鑒みる)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 鑒 – see the following entry.

【鑑かがみ】S	[noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern [proper noun] a surname
【鑑かん】S	[noun] a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware [noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern [affix] example, exemplar [affix] model, pattern [affix] inspect, examine [affix] evaluate

(This term, 鑒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))

Alternative form of 鑑 (“hanja form^? of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)”)

References

Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 1. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

鑒: Hán Nôm readings: giám, gương

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